法律公約

統一提單的若干法律規則的國際公約（海牙規則）

(“HAGUE RULES”)

INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION FOR THE UNIFICATION OF CERTAIN

RULES OF LAW RELATING TO BILLS OF LADING

(Brussels, 25 August 1924)

The President of the German Republic, the President of the Argentine Republic,

His Majesty the King of the Belgians, the President of the Republic of Chile, the

President of the Republic of Cuba, His Majesty the King of Denmark and Iceland, His

Majesty the King of Spain, the Head of the Estonian State, the President of the United

States of America, the President of the Republic of Finland, the President of the

French Republic, His Majesty the King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and

Ireland and of the British Dominions beyond the Seas, Emperor of India, His Most

Supreme Highness the Governor of the Kingdom of Hungary, His Majesty the King of

Italy, His Majesty the Emperor of Japan, the President of the Latvian Republic, the

President of the Republic of Mexico, His Majesty the King of Norway, Her Majesty

the Queen of the Netherlands, the President of the Republic of Peru, the President of

the Polish Republic, the President of the Portuguese Republic, His Majesty the King

of Romania, His Majesty the King of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, His Majesty the

King of Sweden, and the President of the Republic of Uruguay,

HAVING RECOGNIZED the utility of fixing by agreement certain uniform rules

of law relating to bills of lading,

HAVE DECIDED to conclude a convention with this and have appointed the

following Plenipotentiaries:

WHO, duly authorized thereto, have agreed as follows:

第一條 本公約所用下列各詞，涵義如下：

Article 1 In this Convention the following words are employed with the

meanings set out below:

（ａ）"承運人"包括與托運人訂有運輸合同的船舶所有人或租船人。

"Carrier" includes the owner or the charterer who enters into a contract of

carriage with a shipper.

（ｂ）"運輸合同"僅適用于以提單或任何類似的物權證件進行有關海上貨物

運輸的合同；在租船合同下或根據租 船合同所簽發的提單或任何物權證件，在

它們成為制約承運人與憑證持有人之間的關系準則時，也包括在內。

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"Contract of carriage" applies only to contracts of carriage covered by a bill of

lading or any similar document of title, in so far as such document relates to the

carriage of goods by sea, including any bill of lading or any similar document as

aforesaid issued under or pursuant to a charter party from the moment at which such

bill of lading or similar document of title regulates the relations between a carrier and

a holder of the same.

（ｃ）"貨物"包括貨物、制品、商品和任何種類的物品，但活牲畜以及在運

輸合同上載明裝載于艙面上并且已經這樣裝運 的貨物除外。

"Goods" includes goods, wares, merchandise and articles of every kind

whatsoever except live animals and cargo which by the contract of carriage in stated

as being carried on deck and is so carried.

（ｄ）"船舶"是指用于海上貨物運輸的任何船舶。

"Ship" means any vessel used for the carriage of goods by sea.

（ｅ）"貨物運輸"是指自貨物 裝上船時起，至卸下船時止的一段期間。

"Carriage of goods" covers the period from the time when the goods are loaded

on to the time they are discharged from the ship.

第二條 除遵照第六條規定外，每個海上貨物運輸合同的承運人，對有關貨

物的裝載、搬運、配載、運送、保管、照料和卸載，都應按照下列規定承擔責任

和義務，并享受權 利和豁免。

Article 2

Subject to the provisions of Article 6, under every contract of carriage of goods

by sea the carrier, in relation to the loading, handling, stowage, carriage, custody, care

and discharge of such goods, shall be subject to the responsibilities and liabilities, and

entitled to the rights and immunities hereinafter set forth.

第三條

Article 3

１．承運人須在開航前和開航時克盡職責：

The carrier shall be bound before and at the beginning of the voyage to exercise

due diligence t

（ａ）使船舶適于航行；

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Make the ship seaworthy.

（ｂ）適當地配備船員、裝備船舶和供應船舶；

Properly man, equip and supply the ship.

（ｃ）使貨艙、冷藏艙和該船其他載貨處所能適宜和安全地收受、運送和保

管貨物。

Make the holds, refrigerating and cool chambers, and all other parts of the ship in

which goods are carried, fit and safe for their reception, carriage and preservation.

２．除遵照第四條規定外，承運人應適當和謹慎地裝卸、搬運、配載、運送、

保管、照料和卸載所運貨 物。

Subject to the provisions of Article 4, the carrier shall properly and carefully load,

handle, stow, carry, keep, care for, and discharge the goods carried.

３．承運人或船長或承運人的代理人在收受貨物歸其照管后，經托運人 的

請求，應向托運人簽發提單，其上載明下列各項：

After receiving the goods into his charge the carrier or the master or agent of the

carrier shall, on demand of the shipper, issue to the shipper a bill of lading showing

among other things:

（ａ）與開始裝貨前由托運人書面提供者相同的、為辨認貨物所需的主要嘜

頭，如果這項嘜頭是以印戳或其他方式標示 在不帶包裝的貨物上，或在其中裝

有貨物的箱子或包裝物上，該項嘜頭通常應在航程終了時仍能保持清晰可認。

The leading marks necessary for identification of the goods as the same are

furnished in writing by the shipper before the loading of such goods starts, provided

such marks are stamped or otherwise shown clearly upon the goods if uncovered, or

on the cases or coverings in which such goods are contained, in such a manner as

should ordinarily remain legible until the end of the voyage.

（ｂ）托運人用書面提供的包數或件數，或數量，或重量。

Either the number of packages or pieces, or the quantity, or weight, as the case

may be, as furnished in writing by the shipper.

（ｃ） 貨物的表面狀況。

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The apparent order and condition of the goods.

但是，承 運人、船長或承運人的代理人，不一定必須將任何貨物的嘜

頭、號碼、數量或重量表明或標示在提單上，如果他有合理根據懷疑提單不能正

確代表實際收到的貨物， 或無適當方法進行核對的話。

Provided that no carrier, master or agent of the carrier shall be bound to state or

show in the bill of lading any marks, number, quantity, or weight which he has

reasonable ground for suspecting not accurately to represent the goods actually

received, or which he has had no reasonable means of checking.

４．依照 第３款（ａ）、（ｂ）、（ｃ）項所載內容的這樣一張提單，應作為

承運人收到該提單中所載貨物的初步證據。

Such a bill of lading shall be prima facie evidence of the receipt by the carrier of

the goods as therein described in accordance with paragraph 3(a), (b) and (c).

５．托運人應被視為已在裝船時向承運人保證，由他提供的嘜頭、號碼、數

量和重量均正確無誤；并應賠償給承運人 由于這些項目不正確所引起或導致的

一切滅失、損壞和費用。承運人的這種賠償權利，并不減輕其根據運輸合同對托

運人以外的任何人所承擔的責任和義務。

The shipper shall be deemed to have guaranteed to the carrier the accuracy at

the time of shipment of the marks, number, quantity and weight, as furnished by him,

and the shipper shall indemnity the carrier against all loss, damages and expenses

arising or resulting from inaccuracies in such particulars. The right of the carrier to

such indemnity shall in no way limit his responsibility and liability under the contract

of carriage to any person other than the shipper.

６．在將貨物移交給根據運輸合同有權收貨的人之前或當時，除非在卸貨

港將貨物的滅失和損害的一般情況，已用書面通知承運人或其代理人，則這種移

交應作為 承運人已按照提單規定交付貨物的初步證據。

Unless notice of loss or damage and the general nature of such loss or damage be

given in writing to the carrier or his agent at the port of discharge before or at the time

of the removal of the goods into the custody of the person entitled to delivery thereof

under the contract of carriage, or, if the loss or damage be not apparent, within three

days, such removal shall be prima facie evidence of the delivery by the carrier of the

goods as described in the bill of lading.

如果滅失或損壞不明顯，則這種通知應于交付貨物之日起的三天內提交。

If the loss or damage is not apparent, the notice must be given within three days

of the delivery of the goods.

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如果貨物狀況在收受時已經進行聯合檢驗或檢查，就無須再提交書面通 知。

The notice in writing need not be given if the state of the goods has, at the time

of their receipt, been the subject of joint survey or inspection.

除非從貨物交付之日或應交付之日起一年內提出訴訟，承運人和船舶在任何

情況下都免 除對滅失或損害所負的一切責任。

In any event the carrier and the ship shall be discharged from all liability in

respect of loss or damage unless suit is brought within one year after delivery of the

goods or the date when the goods should have been delivered.

遇有任何實際的或推定的滅失或損害，承運人與收 貨人必須為檢驗和清點

貨物相互給予一切合理便利。

In the case of any actual or apprehended loss or damage the carrier and the

receiver shall give all reasonable facilities to each other for inspecting and tallying the

goods.

７．貨物裝船后，如果托運人要求，簽發"已裝船"提單，承運人、船長或

承運人的代理人簽發給托運人的提單，應為"已裝船"提單，如果托運人事先已取

得這 種貨物的物權單據，應交還這種單據，換取"已裝船"提單。但是，也可以

根據承運人的決定，在裝貨港由承運人、船長或其代理人在上述物權單據上注明

裝貨船名 和裝船日期。經過這樣注明的上述單據，如果載有第三條第３款所指

項目，即應成為本條所指的"已裝船"提單。

After the goods are loaded the bill of lading to be issued by the carrier, master, or

agent of the carrier, to the shipper shall, if the shipper so demands, be a "shipped" bill

of lading, provided that if the shipper shall have previously taken up any document of

title to such goods, he shall surrender the same as against the issue of the "shipped"

bill of lading, but at the option of the carrier such document of title may be noted at

the port of shipment by the carrier, master, or agent with the name or names of the

ship or ships upon which the goods have been shipped and the date or dates of

shipment, and when so noted, if it shows the particulars mentioned in paragraph 3 of

Article 3, shall for the purpose of this Article be deemed to constitute a "shipped" bill

of lading.

８．運輸合同中的任何條款、約定或協議，凡是解除承運人或船舶對由于疏

忽、過失或未履行本條規定的責任和義務，因而引起貨物或關于貨物的滅 失或

損害的責任的，或以下同于本公約的規定減輕這種責任的，則一律無效。有利于

承運人的保險利益或類似的條款，應視為屬于免除承運人責任的條款。

Any clause, covenant, or agreement in a contract of carriage relieving the

carrier or the ship from liability for loss or damage to, or in connexion with, goods

arising from negligence, fault, or failure in the duties and obligations provided in this

Article or lessening such liability otherwise than as provided in this Convention, shall

be null and void and of no effect. A benefit of insurance in favour of the carrier or

similar clause shall be deemed to be a clause relieving the carrier from liability.

第四條 Article 4

１．不論承運人或船舶， 對于因不適航所引起的滅失或損壞，都不負責，

除非造＝成的原因是由于承運人未按第三條第１款的規定，克盡職責；使船舶適

航；保證適當地配備船員、裝備和供 應該船，以及使貨艙、冷藏艙和該船的其

它裝貨處所能適宜并安全地收受、運送和保管貨物。凡由于船舶不適航所引起的

滅失和損害，對于已克盡職責的舉證責任， 應由根據本條規定要求免責的承運

人或其他人承擔。

Neither the carrier nor the ship shall be liable for loss or damage arising or

resulting from unseaworthiness unless caused by want of due diligence on the part of

the carrier to make the ship seaworthy and to secure that the ship is properly manned,

equipped and supplied, and to make the holds, refrigerating and cool chambers and all

other parts of the ship in which goods are carried fit and safe for their reception,

carriage and preservation in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 1 of Article

3. Whenever loss or damage has resulted from unseaworthiness the burden of proving

the exercise of due diligence shall be on the carrier or other person claiming

exemption under thisArticle.

２．不論承運人或船舶，對由于下列原因引起或造成的滅失或損壞，都不負責：

Neither the carrier nor the ship shall be responsible for loss or damage arising or

resulting from:

（ａ）船長、船員、引水員或承運人的雇傭人員，在航行或管理船舶中的行

為、疏忽或不履行義務。

Act, neglect, or default of the master, mariner, pilot, or the servants of the carrier

in the navigation or in the management of the ship.

（ｂ）火災，但 由于承運人的實際過失或私謀所引起的除外。

Fire, unless caused by the actual fault or privity of the carrier.

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（ｃ）海上或其它能航水域的災難、危險和意外事故。

Perils, dangers and accidents of the sea or other navigable waters.

（ｄ）天災。 Act of God.

（ｅ）戰爭行為。 Act of war.

（ｆ）公敵行為。Act of public enemies.

（ｇ）君主、當權者或人民的扣留或管制，或依法扣押。

Arrest or restraint or princes, rulers or people, or seizure under legal process.

（ｈ）檢疫限制。 Quarantine restrictions.

（ｉ）托運人或貨主、其代理人或代表的行為或不行為。

Act or omission of the shipper or owner of the goods, his agent or

representative.

（ｊ）不論由于任何原因所引起的局部或全面罷工、關廠停止或限制工作。

Strikes or lockouts or stoppage or restraint of labour from whatever cause,

whether partial or general.

（ｋ）暴動和騷亂。 Riots and civil commotions.

（ｌ）救助或企圖救助海上人命或財產。Saving or attempting to save life or

property at sea.

（ｍ）由于貨物的固有缺點、性質或缺陷引起的體積或重量虧損，或任何其

它滅 失或損壞。

Wastage in bulk or weight or any other loss or damage arising from inherent

defect, quality or vice of the goods.

（ｎ）包裝不 善。Insufficiency of packing.

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（ｏ）嘜頭不清或不當。Insufficiency or inadequacy of marks.

（ｐ）雖克盡職責亦不能發現的潛在缺點。Latent defects not discoverable by

due diligence.

（ｑ）非由于承運人的實際過失或私謀，或者承運人的代理人，或雇 傭人

員的過失或疏忽所引起的其它任何原因；但是要求引用這條免責利益的人應負責

舉證，證明有關的滅失或損壞既非由于承運人的實際過失或私謀，亦非承運人的

代理人或雇傭人員的過失或疏忽所造成。

Any other cause arising without the actual fault or privity of the carrier, or

without the actual fault or neglect of the agents or servants of the carrier, but the

burden of proof shall be on the person claiming the benefit of this exception to show

that neither the actual fault or privity of the carrier nor the fault or neglect of the

agents or servants of the carrier contributed to the loss or damage.

３．對于任何非因托運人、托運人的代理人或其雇傭人員的行為、過失或疏

忽所引起的使承運人或船舶遭受的 滅失或損壞，托運人不負責任。

The shipper shall not be responsible for loss or damage sustained by the carrier

or the ship arising or resulting from any cause without the act, fault or neglect of the

shipper, his agents or his servants.

４．為救助或企圖救助海上人命或財產而發生的繞航，或任何合理繞航，都

不能作為破壞或違反本公 約或運輸合同的行為；承運人對由此而引起的任何滅

失或損害，都不負責。

Any deviation in saving or attempting to save life or property at sea or any

reasonable deviation shall not be deemed to be an infringement or breach of this

Convention or of the contract of carriage, and the carrier shall not be liable for any

loss or damage resulting therefrom.

５．承運人或是船舶，在任何情況下對貨物或 與貨物有關的滅失或損害，

每件或每計費單位超過一百英鎊或與其等值的其他貨幣的部分，都不負責；但托

運人于裝貨前已就該項貨物的性質和價值提出聲明，并已 在提單中注明的，不

在此限。

Neither the carrier nor the ship shall in any event be or become liable for any loss

or damage to or in connexion with goods in an amount exceeding 100 pounds sterling

per package or unit, or the equivalent of that sum in other currency unless the nature

and value of such goods have been declared by the shipper before shipment and

inserted in the bill of lading.

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該項聲明如經載入提單，即做為初步證據，但它對承運人并 不具有約

束力或最終效力。

This declaration if embodied in the bill of lading shall be prima facie evidence,

but shall not be binding or conclusive on the carrier.

經承運人、船長或承運人的代理人與托運人雙方協議，可規定不同于本

款規定的另一最高限額，但該 最高限額不得低于上述數額。

By agreement between the carrier, master or agent of the carrier and the shipper

another maximum amount than that mentioned in this paragraph may be fixed,

provided that such maximum shall not be less than the figure above named.

如承運人在提單中，故意謊報貨物性質或價值，則在任 何情況下，承

運人或是船舶，對貨物或與貨物有關的滅失或損害，都不負責。

Neither the carrier nor the ship shall be responsible in any event for loss or

damage to, or in connexion with, goods if the nature or value thereof has been

knowingly misstated by the shipper in the bill of lading.

６．承運人、船長或承運人 的代理人對于事先不知性質而裝載的具有易燃、

爆炸或危險性的貨物，可在卸貨前的任何時候將其卸在任何地點，或將其銷毀，

或使之無害，而不予賠償；該項貨物 的托運人，應對由于裝載該項貨物而直接

或間接引起的一切損害或費用負責。如果承運人知道該項貨物的性質，并已同意

裝載，則在該項貨物對船舶或貨載發生危險 時，亦得同樣將該項貨物卸在任何

地點，或將其銷毀，或使之無害，而不負賠償責任，但如發生共同海損不在此限。

Goods of an inflammable, explosive or dangerous nature to the shipment

whereof the carrier, master or agent of the carrier has not consented with knowledge

of their nature and character, may at any time before discharge be landed at any place,

or destroyed or rendered innocuous by the carrier without compensation and the

shipper of such goods shall be liable for all damage and expenses directly or indirectly

arising out of or resulting from such shipment. If any such goods shipped with such

knowledge and consent shall become a danger to the ship or cargo, they may in like

manner be landed at any place, or destroyed or rendered innocuous by the carrier

without liability on the part of the carrier except to general average, if any.

第五條

承運人可以自由地全部或部分放棄 本公約中所規定的他的權利和豁免，或

增加他所應承擔的任何一項責任和義務。但是這種放棄或增加，須在簽發給托運

人的提單上注明。

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A carrier shall be at liberty to surrender in whole or in part all or any of his rights

and immunities or to increase any of his responsibilities and obligations under this

Convention, provided such surrender or increase shall be embodied in the bill of

lading issued to the shipper.

本公約的規定，不適用于租船合同，但如果提單是根據租船合同簽發的，

則上述提單應符合本公約的規定。本公約中的任何規定，都不得妨礙在 提單中

加注有關共同海損的任何合法條款。

The provisions of this Convention shall not be applicable to charter parties, but if

bills of lading are issued in the case of a ship under a charter party they shall comply

with the terms of this Convention. Nothing in these rules shall be held to prevent the

insertion in a bill of lading of any lawful provision regarding general average.

第六條 雖有前述各條規定，只要不違反公共秩序，承運人、船長或承運人

的代理人得與托運人就承運人對任何特定貨物應負的責任和應盡的義務，及其所

享受的權利與豁 免，或船舶適航的責任等，以任何條件，自由地訂立任何協議。

或就承運人雇傭人員或代理人在海運貨物的裝載、搬運、配載、運送、保管、照

料和卸載方面應注意 及謹慎的事項，自由訂立任何協議。但在這種情況下，必

須是未曾簽發或將不簽發提單，而且應將上述協議的條款載入不得轉讓并注明這

種字樣的收據內。

Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding Articles, a carrier, master or

agent of the carrier and a shipper shall in regard to any particular goods be at liberty

to enter into any agreement in any terms as to the responsibility and liability of the

carrier for such goods, and as to the rights and immunities of the carrier in respect of

such goods, or his obligation as to seaworthiness, so far as this stipulation is not

contrary to public policy, or the care or diligence of his servants or agents in regard to

the loading, handling, stowage, carriage, custody, care and discharge of the goods

carried by sea, provided that in this case no bill of lading has been or shall be issued

and that the terms agreed shall be embodied in a receipt which shall be a

non-negotiable document and shall be marked as such.

這樣 訂立的任何協議，都具有完全的法律效力。

Any agreement so entered into shall have full legal effect.

但本條規定不適用于依照普通貿易程序成交的一般商業貨運，而僅在擬

裝運的財物的性質和狀況，或 據以進行運輸的環境、條款和條件，有訂立特別

協議的合理需要時，才能適用。

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Provided that this Article shall not apply to ordinary commercial shipments made

in the ordinary course of trade, but only to other shipments where the character or

condition of the property to be carried or the circumstances, terms and conditions

under which the carriage is to be performed are such as reasonably to justify a special

agreement.

第七條 本條約中的任何規定，都不妨礙承運人或托運人就承運人或船舶對

海運船舶所載貨物于裝船以前或卸船以后所受滅失或損害，或與貨物的保管、照

料和搬運有關的滅 失或損害所應承擔的責任與義務，訂立任何協議、規定、條

件、保留或免責條款。

Nothing herein contained shall prevent a carrier or a shipper from entering into

any agreement, stipulation, condition, reservation or exemption as to the

responsibility and liability of the carrier or the ship for the loss or damage to, or in

connexion with, the custody and care and handling of goods prior to the loading on,

and subsequent to, the discharge from the ship on which the goods are carried by sea.

第八條 本公約各條規定，都不影響有關海運船舶所有人責任限制的任何現

行法令所規定的承運人的權利和義務。

The provisions of this Convention shall not affect the rights and obligations of

the carrier under any statute for the time being in force relating to the limitation of the

liability of owners of sea-going vessels.

第九條 本公約所提到的貨幣單位為金價。

The monetary units mentioned in this Convention are to be taken to be gold

value.

凡締約國中不以英鎊作為貨幣單位的，得保留其將本 公約所指的英鎊

數額以四舍五入的方式折合為本國貨幣的權利。

Those contracting States in which the pound sterling is not a monetary unit

reserve to themselves the right of translating the sums indicated in this Convention in

terms of pound sterling into terms of their own monetary system in round figures.

各國法律可以為債務人保留按船舶抵達卸貨港之日通知的兌換率，以本

國貨幣償清其有關貨物的債務的權利。

The national laws may reserve to the debtor the right of discharging his debt in

national currency according to the rate of exchange prevailing on the day of the

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arrival of the ship at the port of discharge of the goods concerned.

第十條 本公約和各項規定，適用于在任何締約國所簽發的一切提單。

The provisions of this Convention shall apply to all bills of lading issued in any

of the contracting States.

第十一條 自本公約簽字之日起不超過二年的期限內，比利時政府應與已聲

明擬批準本公約的締約國保持聯系，以便決定是否使本公約生效。批準書應于各

締約國協商確定的日 期交存于布魯塞爾。首次交存的批準書應載入由參加國代

表及比利時外交部長簽署的議定書內。

After an interval of not more than two years from the day on which the

Convention is signed, the Belgian Government shall place itself in communication

with the Governments of the High Contracting Parties which have declared

themselves prepared to ratify the Convention, with a view to deciding whether it shall

be put into force. The ratifications shall be deposited at Brussels at a date to be fixed

by agreement among the said Governments. The first deposit of ratifications shall be

recorded in a procès-verbal signed by the representatives of the Powers which take

part therein and by the Belgian Minister of Foreign Affairs.

以后交存的批準書，應以書面通知送交比利時政府，并隨附批準文件。

The subsequent deposit of ratifications shall be made by means of a written

notification, addressed to the Belgian Government and accompanied by the

instrument of ratification.

比利時政府，應立即將有關記載首次交存批準書的議定書和上段所指的

通知，隨附批準書等的核證 無誤的副本，通過外交途徑送交已簽署本公約或已

加入本公約的國家。在上段所指情況下，比利時政府應于收到通知的同時，知照

各國。

A duly certified copy of the procès-verbal relating to the first deposit of

ratifications, of the notifications referred to in the previous paragraph, and also of the

instruments of ratification accompanying them, shall be immediately sent by the

Belgian Government through the diplomatic channel to the Powers who have signed

this Convention or who have acceded to it. In the cases contemplated in the preceding

paragraph, the said Government shall inform them at the same time of the date on

which it received the notification.

第十二條 凡未簽署本公約的國家，不論是否已出席在布魯塞爾召開的國際

會議，都可以加入本公約。

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Non-signatory States may accede to the present Convention whether or not they

have been represented at the International Conference at Brussels.

擬 加入本公約的國家，應將其意圖用書面通知比利時政府，并送交其

加入的文件，該項文件應存放在比利時政府檔案庫。

A State which desires to accede shall notify its intention in writing to the Belgian

Government, forwarding to it the document of accession, which shall be deposited in

the archives of the said Government.

比利時政府應立即 將加入本公約通知書的核證無誤的副本，分送已簽

署本公約或已加入本公約的國家，并注明它收到上述通知的日期。

The Belgian Government shall immediately forward to all the States which have

signed or acceded to the Convention a duly certified copy of the notification and of

the act of accession, mentioning the date on which it received the notification.

第十三條 締約國的簽署、批準或加入本公約時，可以聲明其接受本公約并

不包括其任何或全部自治領或殖民地、海外屬地、保護國或在其主權或權力管轄

下的地域；并且可以 在此后代表這些聲明中未包括的任何自治領或殖民地、海

外屬地、保護國或地域將分別加入本公約。各締約國還可以根據本公約的規定，

代表其任何自治領或殖民 地、海外屬地、保護國或其主權或權力管轄下的地域

將分別聲明退出本公約。

The High Contracting Parties may at the time of signature, ratification or

accession declare that their acceptance of the present Convention does not include any

or all of the self-governing dominions, or of the colonies, overseas possessions,

protectorates or territories under their sovereignty or authority, and they may

subsequently accede separately on behalf of any self-governing dominion, colony,

overseas possession, protectorate or territory excluded in their declaration. They may

also denounce the Convention separately in accordance with its provisions in respect

of any self-governing dominion, or any colony, overseas possession, protectorate or

territory under their sovereignty or authority.

第十四條 本公約在首批交存批準書的各國之間，于議定書記載此項交存之

日起一年后開始生效。此后批準或加入本公約的各國或根據第十三條規定使公約

生效的各國，于此比 利時政府收到第十一條第２款及第十二條第２段所指的通

知六個月后生效。

The present Convention shall take effect, in the case of the States which have

taken part in the first deposit of ratifications, one year after the date of the protocol

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recording such deposit.

As respects the States which ratify subsequently or which accede, and also in

cases in which the Convention is subsequently put into effect in accordance with

Article 13, it shall take effect six months after the notifications specified in paragraph

2 of Article 11 and paragraph 2 of Article 12 have been received by the Belgian

Government.

第十五條 如有締約國欲退出本公約，應用書面通知比利時政府，比利時政

府立即將核證無誤的通知副本分送其他國家，并注明其收到上述通知的日期。

In the event of one of the contracting States wishing to denounce the present

Convention, the denunciation shall be notified in writing to the Belgian Government,

which shall immediately communicate a duly certified copy of the notification to all

the other States, informing them of the date on which it was received.

這種退出只對提出通知的國家有 效，生效日期從上述通知送達比利時

政府之日起一年以后開始。

The denunciation shall only operate in respect of the State which made the

notification, and on the expiry of one year after the notification has reached the

Belgian Government.

第十六條 任何一個締約國都有權就考慮修改本公約事項，請求召開新的會

議。

Any one of the contracting States shall have the right to call for a fresh

conference with a view to considering possible amendments.

欲行使此項權利的國 家，應通過比利時政府將其意圖通知其他國家，

由比利時政府安排召開會議事宜。

A State which would exercise this right should notify its intention to the other

States through the Belgian Government, which would make arrangements for

convening the Conference.

一九二四年八月二十五日訂于布魯塞爾，計一份。

DONE at Brussels, in a single copy,August 25th, 1924.

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簽字議定書

在簽訂《統一提單的若干法律規則的國際公約》時，下列簽字的全權

代表都已采用本議定書；本議定書猶如已將其條款列入它所依附的公約那樣，具

有同樣的效力。

各締約國得以給予本公約以法律效力，或將本公約所采用的規則以適

于其本國立法的形式納入該國的法律，使之生效。

各締約國得保留以下 權力：

１．規定如發生第四條第２款（ｃ）至（ｐ）項所述情況，提單持有人應有

權就未在第（ａ）項提及的由于承運人本人或其雇傭人員的過失所 引起的滅失

或損壞，制定責任制度。

２．在本國沿海貿易中，將第六條規定各點用于各種貨物上，而不考慮該條

最末一段所規定的限制

維斯比規則(中英文)

各締約國考慮到修改一九二四年八月二十五日在布魯塞爾簽訂的關于《統一提單

的若干法律規則的國際公約》 的需要，協議如下：

第一條

１．在第三條第４款中應增加：“但是，當提單已經轉給善意行事的第

三者時，與此相反的證據不予接受。”

２．在第三條第６款中的第４段應改為：“遵照第６款（修改本）的規

定，除非從貨物交付之日或應交付之日起一年內提出訴訟，承運人和船舶在任何

情況下都免除 對于貨物的任何責任。但是，訴訟事由提出后，如經當事方同意，

該期限可以延長”。

３．在第三條的第６款后應增加下列條文作為第６款（修改本）：“即

使在前款規定的年限期滿后，如果在受理該案的法院的法律準許的時間內，仍可

以對第三者提 出賠償訴訟。但是，準許的時間不得少于三個月，自提出這種賠

償訴訟的人已經解決了對他本人的索賠或者從起訴傳票送達他本人之日起算。”

第二條

第四條的第５款應予刪去，并改為下列規定：

“（ａ）除非在裝貨前，托運人已聲明該貨物的性質和價值，并載入

提單，否則，在任何情況下，承運人或船舶對貨物所遭受的或有關的任何滅失或

損害，每件或每 單位的金額超過１０．０００法郎的部分，或按滅失或損害的

貨物每公斤毛重超達３０法郎的部分，均不負責任，兩者以較高的金額為準。

“（ｂ）全部賠償金額應參照貨物根據契約從船上卸下或應卸下的

當地當時的價值計算。

貨物價值應按照商品交易所價格確定，或者如無此種價格時，則按現

行市場價格確定，或者如既無商品交易所價格又無現行市場價格時，則參照同類

同質貨物的正常 價值確定。

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“（ｃ）如果貨物是用集裝箱、托盤或類似的裝運器具拼裝時，提

單中所載明的、裝在這種裝運器具中的件數或單位數，應視為就本款所指的件數

或單位數；除上述 情況外，應視為此種裝運器具即是件或單位。

“（ｄ）一個法郎是指一個含有純度為千分之九百的黃金六十五點

五毫克的單位。載決的賠償數額兌換成國家貨幣的日期，應由受理該案法院的法

律規定。

“（ｅ）如經證實損失是由于承運人蓄意造成損失而作出的行為或

不行為或明知可能會產生損失但仍不顧后果而作出的行為或不行為產生的，則承

運人或船舶無權享 受本款所規定的責任限制的利益。

“（ｆ）本款（ａ）項所提到的聲明，如載入提單時，應作為初步

證據，但對承運人不具有約束力或最終效力。

“（ｇ）承運人、船長或承運人的代理人和托運人之間的協議，可

以規定高于本款（ａ）項規定的另外最高金額，但這樣規定的最高金額不得低于

（ａ）項所列的最 高金額。

“（ｈ）如托運人在提單中，故意謊報貨物性質或價值，則在任何情

況下，承運人或船舶對貨物或與貨物有關的滅失或損害概不負責任”。

第三條

在本公約的第四條和第五條之間應插入以下條文作為第四條（修改

本）：

“１．本公約規定的抗辯和責任限制，應適用于就運輸合同所涉及

的有關貨物的滅失或損害對承運人所提起的任何訴訟，不論該訴訟是以合同為根

據還是以侵權行為 為根據。

“２．如果這種訴訟是對承運人的雇傭人員或代理人（而該雇傭人

員或代理人不是獨立的締約人）提出的，則該雇傭人員或代理人適用按照本公約

承運人所可援引的 各項答辯和責任限制。

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“３．從承運人及其雇傭人員和代理人得到的賠償總額，在任何情

況下都不得超過本公約規定的限制。

“４．但是，如經證實，損失是由于該雇傭人員或代理人蓄意造成

損失而作出的行為或不行為，或明知可能會產生損失，但仍不在意而作出的行為

或不行為產生的， 則該承運人的雇傭人員或代理人不得適用本條的各項規定”。

第四條

本公約的第九條應改為下列規定：

“本公約不應影響任何國際公約或國內法有關對核能損害責任的各項

規定”。

第五條

本公約的第十條應改為下列規定：

“本公約各項規定應適用于兩個不同國家的港口之間有關的貨物運輸

的每一份提單，如果：

“（ａ）提單在一個締約國簽發，或

（ｂ）從一個締約國的港口起運，或

（ｃ）提單載有的或由提單證明的契約的規定，該契約應受本公約

的各項規則約束或應受本公約生效的任何國家的立法約束，不論船舶、承運人、

托運人、收貨人或 任何其他有關人的國籍如何。

“每個締約國應將本公約的各項規定適用于上述提單。

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“本條不應妨礙締約國將本公約的各項規定適用于不包括在前款中

的提單”。

第六條

在本議定書的各締約國之間，本公約與議定書應作為一個文件，結合

起來閱讀和解釋。

本議定書的各締約國沒有義務將本議定書的各項規定適用于雖為本公

約締約國、但不是本議定書締約國所簽發的提單。

第七條

在本議定書的各締約國之間，任何一國按公約第十五條規定退出本公

約，不能解釋為退出經本議定書修訂的本公約。

第八條

兩個或兩個以上締約國就本公約的解釋和適用發生爭議，而未能通過

協商解決時，應根據其中一方的請求提交仲裁。如在提請仲裁之日起六個月內，

各方不能對促裁 的組成取得一致意見時，則其中任何一方可以按照國際法庭條

例將糾紛提交國際法庭。

第九條

１．每一締約國在簽字或批準本議定書或加入本議定書時，可以聲明

不受本議定書第八條的約束。其他締約國對作出這一保留的任何締約國之間的關

系上應不受該條 的約束。

２．根據第１款，作出保留的任何締約國可在任何時候通知比利時政

府撤銷此保留。

第十條

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本議定書對批準本公約的，或在一九六八年二月二十三日前加入本公

約的，以及出席海上法外交會議第十二次會議（一九六七——一九六八年）的任

何國家開放以供 簽字。

第十一條

１．本議定書須經批準。

２．任何非本公約締約國的國家所提交的本議定書的批準書，具有加

入本公約的效力。

３．批準的文件應交存比利時政府。

第十二條

１．未出席海上法外交會議第十二次會議的聯合國成員國或聯合國各

專門機構成員國，可加入本議定書。

２．加入本議定書，具有加入本公約的效力。

３．加入的文件應交存比利時政府。

第十三條

１．在收到十份批準書或加入文件之日后三個月，本議定書生效，但

其中至少應有五個交存批準書的國家是各擁有相當于或超過一百萬總噸船舶的

國家。

２．按照本條第１款規定，交存使本議定書生效所需的批準或加入文

件之日以后的批準或加入本議定書的每一個國家，本議定書在其交存批準或加入

文件之后三個月 生效。

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第 6 頁 共 13 頁

第十四條

１．任何締約國可以通知比利時政府退出本議定書。

２．此項退出通知具有退出本公約的效力。

３．此項退出通知在比利時政府收到該通知之日后一年生效。

第十五條

１．任何締約國在簽署、批準或加入本議定書時，或在此后的任何時

候，可用書面通知比利時政府，聲明在該國的主權管轄下的地域或在由該國負責

其國際關系的地 域中，哪些地域適用本議定書。

在比利時政府收到該通知之日后三個月，本議定書的適用范圍即擴大

到通知書所列明的地域，但在本議定書對該締約國生效之日以前則不適用。

２．如果這些地域尚未適用本公約，則此種擴大也適用于本公約。

３．根據本條第１款作出聲明的任何締約國，可在此后的任何時候通

知比利時政府，聲明本議定書停止擴大適用到該地域。此項退出應在比利時政府

收到退出通知之 日后一年生效；此項退出也應適用本公約。

第十六條

各締約國可以采用下述方法使本議定書生效：賦以法律效力，或以適

合于國內立法的形式在國內立法中訂入本議定書所采用的各種規則。

第十七條

比利時政府應將下列事項通知出席海上法外交會議第十二次會議（一

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九六七—一九六八年）的各國，本議定書各加入國及本公約的各締約國：

１．根據第十條、第十一條和第十二條所收到的簽署、批準和加入

的文件；

２．根據第十三條，本議定書將生效的日期；

３．根據第十五條，關于適用地域的通知；

４．根據第十四條所收到的退出通知。

下列全權代表，經正式授權，已在本議定書上簽字，以資證明。

一九六八年二月二十三日訂于布魯塞爾，共一份，每份都用法文和英

文寫成，兩種文本具有同等效力。本議定書交存于比利時政府檔案庫，并由比利

時政府分發 核證無誤的本議定書副本。

Protocol to Amend the International Convention for the Unification of

Certain Rules of Law Relating to Bills of Lading ("Visby Rules")

(Brussels, 23 February 1968)

THE CONTRACTING PARTIES,

CONSIDERING that it is desirable to amend the International Convention

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for the unification of certain rules of law relating to Bills of Lading,

signed at Brussels on 25th August 1924,

HAVE AGREED as follows:

Article 1

(1) In Article 3, paragraph 4, shall be added:

"However, proof to the contrary shall not be admissible when the Bill of

Lading has been transferred to a third party acting in good faith".

(2) In Article 3, paragraph 6, sub-paragraph 4 shall be deleted and

replaced by:

"Subject to paragraph 6bis the carrier and the ship shall in any event

be discharged from all liability whatsoever in respect of the goods,

unless suit is brought within one year of their delivery or of the date

when they should have been delivered. This period may, however, be

extended if the parties so agree after the cause of action has arisen".

(3) In Article 3, after paragraph 6, shall be added the following paragraph

6bis:

"An action for indemnity against a third person may be brought even after

the expiration of the year provided for in the preceding paragraph if

brought within the time allowed by the law of the Court seized of the case.

However, the time allowed shall be not less than three months, commencing

from the day when the person bringing such action for indemnity has settled

the claim or has been served with process in the action against himself".

Article 2

Article 4, paragraph 5, shall be deleted and replaced by the following:

"(a) Unless the nature and value of such goods have been declared by the

shipper before shipment and inserted in the Bill of Lading, neither the

carrier nor the ship shall in any event be or become liable for any loss

or damage to or in connection with the goods in an amount exceeding the

equivalent of 10,000 francs per package or unit or 30 francs per kilo of

gross weight of the goods lost or damaged, whichever is the higher.

(b) The total amount recoverable shall be calculated by reference to the

value of such goods at the place and time at which the goods are discharged

from the ship in accordance with the contract or should have been so

discharged.

The value of the goods shall be fixed according to the commodity exchange

price, or, if there be no such price, according to the current market price,

or, if there be no commodity exchange price or current market price, by

reference to the normal value of goods of the same kind and quality.

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(c) Where a container, pallet or similar article of transport is used to

consolidate goods, the number of packages or units enumerated in the Bill

of Lading as packed in such article of transport shall be deemed the number

of packages or units for the purpose of this paragraph as far as these

packages or units are concerned. Except as aforesaid such article of

transport shall be considered the package or unit.

(d) A franc means a unit consisting of 65.5 milligrammes of gold of

millesimal fineness 900'. The date of conversion of the sum awarded into

national currencies shall be governed by the law of the Court seized of

the case.

(e) Neither the carrier nor the ship shall be entitled to the benefit of

the limitation of liability provided for in this paragraph if it is proved

that the damage resulted from an act or omission of the carrier done with

intent to cause damage, or recklessly and with knowledge that damage would

probably result.

(f) The declaration mentioned in sub-paragraph (a) of this paragraph, if

embodied in the Bill of Lading, shall be prima facie evidence, but shall

not be binding or conclusive on the carrier.

(g) By agreement between the carrier, master or agent of the carrier and

the shipper other maximum amounts than those mentioned in sub-paragraph

(a) of this paragraph may be fixed, provided that no maximum amount so

fixed shall be less than the appropriate maximum mentioned in that

sub-paragraph.

(h) Neither the carrier nor the ship shall be responsible in any event

for loss or damage to, or in connection with, goods if the nature or value

thereof has been knowingly mis-stated by the shipper in the Bill of

Lading".

Article 3

Between Articles 4 and 5 of the Convention shall be inserted the following

Article 4bis:

"1. The defences and limits of liability provided for in this Convention

shall apply in any action against the carrier in respect of loss or damage

to goods covered by a contract of carriage whether the action be founded

in contract or in tort.

2. If such an action is brought against a servant or agent of the carrier

(such servant or agent not being an independent contractor), such servant

or agent shall be entitled to avail himself of the defences and limits

of liability which the carrier is entitled to invoke under this

Convention.

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3. The aggregate of the amounts recoverable from the carrier, and such

servants and agents, shall in no case exceed the limit provided for in

this Convention.

4. Nevertheless, a servant or agent of the carrier shall not be entitled

to avail himself of the provisions of this Article, if it is proved that

the damage resulted from an act or omission of the servant or agent done

with intent to cause damage or recklessly and with knowledge that damage

would probably result".

Article 4

Article 9 of the Convention shall be deleted and replaced by the following:

"This Convention shall not affect the provisions of any international

Convention or national law governing liability for nuclear damage".

Article 5

Article 10 of the Convention shall be deleted and replaced by the

following:

"The provisions of this Convention shall apply to every Bill of Lading

relating to the carriage of goods between ports in two different States

if:

(a) the Bill of Lading is issued in a Contracting State,

or

(b) the carriage is from a port in a Contracting State,

or

(c) the contract contained in or evidenced by the Bill of Lading provides

that the rules of this Convention or legislation of any State giving effect

to them are to govern the contract

whatever may be the nationality of the ship, the carrier, the shipper,

the consignee, or any other interested person.

Each Contracting State shall apply the provisions of this Convention to

the Bills of Lading mentioned above.

This Article shall not prevent a Contracting State from applying the rules

of this Convention to Bills of Lading not included in the preceding

paragraphs".

Article 6

As between the Parties to this Protocol the Convention and the Protocol

shall be read and interpreted together as one single instrument.

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第 11 頁 共 13 頁

A Party to this Protocol shall have no duty to apply the provisions of

this Protocol to Bills of Lading issued in a State which is a Party to

the Convention but which is not a Party to this Protocol.

Article 7

As between the Parties to this Protocol, denunciation by any of them of

the Convention in accordance with Article 15 thereof, shall not be

construed in any way as a denunciation of the Convention as amended by

this Protocol.

Article 8

Any dispute between two or more Contracting Parties concerning the

interpretation or application of the Convention which cannot be settled

through negotiation, shall, at the request of one of them, be submitted

to arbitration. If within six months from the date of the request for

arbitration the Parties are unable to agree on the organization of the

arbitration, any one of those Parties may refer the dispute to the

International Court of Justice by request in conformity with the Statute

of the Court.

Article 9

(1) Each Contracting Party may at the time of signature or ratification

of this Protocol or accession thereto, declare that it does not consider

itself bound by Article 8 of this Protocol. The other Contracting Parties

shall not be bound by this Article with respect to any Contracting Party

having made such a reservation.

(2) Any Contracting Party having made a reservation in accordance with

paragraph 1 may at any time withdraw this reservation by notification to

the Belgian Government.

Article 10

This Protocol shall be open for signature by the States which have ratified

the Convention or which have adhered thereto before the 23rd February 1968,

and by any State represented at the twelfth session (1967-1968) of the

Diplomatic Conference on Maritime Law.

Article 11

(1) This Protocol shall be ratified.

(2) Ratification of this Protocol by any State which is not a Party to

the Convention shall have the effect of accession to the Convention.

(3) The instruments of ratification shall be deposited with the Belgian

Government.

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第 12 頁 共 13 頁

Article 12

(1) States, Members of the United Nations or Members of the specialized

agencies of the United Nations, not represented at the twelfth session

of the Diplomatic Conference on Maritime Law, may accede to this Protocol.

(2) Accession to this Protocol shall have the effect of accession to the

Convention.

(3) The instruments of accession shall be deposited with the Belgian

Government.

Article 13

(1) This Protocol shall come into force three months after the date of

the deposit of ten instruments of ratification or accession, of which at

least five shall have been deposited by States that have each a tonnage

equal or superior to one million gross tons of tonnage.

(2) For each State which ratifies this Protocol or accedes thereto after

the date of deposit of the instrument of ratification or accession

determining the coming into force such as is stipulated in paragraph (1)

of this Article, this Protocol shall come into force three months after

the deposit of its instrument of ratification or accession.

Article 14

(1) Any Contracting State may denounce this Protocol by notification to

the Belgian Government.

(2) This denunciation shall have the effect of denunciation of the

Convention.

(3) The denunciation shall take effect one year after the date on which

the notification has been received by the Belgian Government.

Article 15

(1) Any Contracting State may at the time of signature, ratification or

accession or at any time thereafter declare by written notification to

the Belgian Government which among the territories under its sovereignty

or for whose international relations it is responsible, are those to which

the present Protocol applies.

The Protocol shall three months after the date of the receipt of such

notification by the Belgian Government extend to the territories named

therein, but not before the date of the coming into force of the Protocol

in respect of such State.

(2) This extension also shall apply to the Convention if the latter is

not yet applicable to those territories.

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(3) Any Contracting State which has made a declaration under paragraph

(1) of this Article may at any time thereafter declare by notification

given to the Belgian Government that the Protocol shall cease to extend

to such territory. This denunciation shall take effect one year after the

date on which notification thereof has been received by the Belgian

Government; it also shall apply to the Convention.

Article 16

The Contracting Parties may give effect to this Protocol either by giving

it the force of law or by including in their national legislation in a

form appropriate to that legislation the rules adopted under this

Protocol.

Article 17

The Belgian Government shall notify the States represented at the twelfth

session (1967-1968) of the Diplomatic Conference on Maritime Law, the

acceding States to this Protocol, and the States Parties to the Convention,

of the following:

1. The signatures, ratifications and accessions received in accordance

with Articles 10, 11 and 12.

2. The date on which the present Protocol will come into force in

accordance with Article 13.

3. The notifications with regard to the territorial application in

accordance with Article 15.

4. The denunciations received in accordance with Article 14.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF the undersigned Plenipotentiaries, duly authorized,

have signed this Protocol.

DONE at Brussels, this 23rd day of February 1968, in the French and English

languages, both texts being equally authentic, in a single copy, which

shall remain deposited in the archives of the Belgian Government, which

shall issue certified copies.

聯合國海上貨物運輸公約（漢堡規則）(中英文對照)

簡介：

《維斯比規則》對雖然《海牙規則》作了一些有益的修改，對于維護建立在

《海牙規則》基礎 上船貨雙方利益的平衡上起了一定的作用，但沒有觸及《海

牙規則》的核心—承運人的歸責原則，因而很多第三世界國家，以及代表貨主利

益的發達國家，如美國、 加拿大、法國、澳大利亞，要求從根本上修改《海牙

規則》的愿望未能得到實現。同時，《海牙—維斯比規則》存在內容不夠完善，

不少規定含義不夠明確、清楚的 不足。

有鑒于此，聯合國貿易和發展會議（United Nations Conference on Trade

and Development—UNCTAD）于 1969 年 4 月設立國際航運立法工作組，研究提單

的法律問題。該工作組在 1971 年第 2 屆會議上作出兩項決議： 第一，對《海牙

規則》和《維斯比規則》進行修改，必要時制訂新的國際公約；第二，在審議修

訂上述規則時，應清除規則含義不明確之處，建立船貨雙方平等分擔 海運貨物

風險的制度。按照分工，上述工作后來移交給聯合國國際貿易法委員會。該委員

會下設的國際航運立法工作組，于 1976 年 5 月完成起草工作。1978 年 3 月 6

日至 31 日，在德國漢堡有 78 個國家代表參加的聯合國海上貨物運輸會議上通過

了《1978 年聯合國海上貨物運輸公約》（United Nations Convention on the

Carriage of Goods by Sea,1978），簡稱《漢堡規則》（Hamburg Rules—HBR）。

《漢堡規則》重新調整了船貨雙方的權利和義務，對《海牙規則》進 行了

比較徹底的修改，主要表現在以下幾方面：（1）延長了承運人的責任期間；（2）

變更了承運人的賠償責任基礎，實行“完全過失責任制”；（3）提高了承 運人的

賠償限額；（4）增設了承運人遲延交付的規定；（5）明確了保函的效力；（6）增

加了活動物與艙面貨條款；（7）擴大了管轄權范圍，貨物責任； （8）延長了訴

訟時效?！稘h堡規則》從總體來講對貨方有利，但同時加重了承運人的責任，也

使羽翼未豐的非航運發達的發展中國家船隊面臨困難，從而使這些國 家對《漢

堡規則》持遲疑態度而不愿加入該規則。十幾年過去，隨著贊比亞政府的簽署批

準，滿足了該公約生效的條件，《漢堡規則》于 1992 年 11 月 1 日起生 效。到現

在該規則共有 25 個成員國，其中絕大多數是航運不發達國家和內陸國，其商船

噸位總數僅占世界商船噸位總數的 3％左右。

我國沒有參加該規 則，但其中一些比較成熟和合理的內容為《海商法》所

采納。

正文：

本公約各締約國，認識到需要通過協議確定關于海上貨物運輸若干規 則，為此

目的決定締結一個公約，協議如下：

第一部分 總 則

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第一條 定義

在本公約內：

1.“承運人”是指其本人或以其名 義與托運人定立海上貨物運輸合同的任何人。

2.“實際承運人”是指受承運人委托執行貨物運輸或部分貨物運輸的任何人，包

括受委托執行這項運輸的其 他任何人。

3.“托運人”是指其本人或以其名義或代其與承運人訂立海上貨物運輸合同的任

何人或指其本人或以其名義或代其將貨物實際交付給海上貨物 運輸合同有關的

承運人的任何人。

4.“收貨人”是指有權提取貨物的人。

5.“貨物”包括活動物，凡貨物拼裝在集裝箱、貨盤或類似的運輸器 具內，或

者貨物是包裝的，而這種運輸器具或包裝是由托運人提供的，則“貨物”包括它

們在內。

6.“海上運輸合同”是指承運人收取運費，據以承擔由 海上將貨物從一港運至

另一港的任何合同；但是，一個既包括海上運輸，又包括某些其他方式運輸的合

同，則僅其有關海上運輸的范圍，才視為本公約所指的海上運 輸合同。

7.“提單”是指一種用以證明海上運輸合同和貨物由承運人接管或裝船，以及承

運人據以保證交付貨物的單證。單證中關于貨物應交付指定收貨 人或按指示交

付，或交付提單持有人的規定，即構成了這一保證。

8.“書面”除其他方式外，包括電報和電傳。

第二條 適用范圍

1. 本公約的各項規定適用于兩個不同國家間的所有海上運輸合同，如果：

（a）海上運輸合同所規定的裝貨港位于一個締約國內，或（b）海上運輸合同所

規 定的卸貨港位于一個締約國內，或（c）海上運輸合同所規定的備選卸貨港之

一為實際卸貨港，并且該港位于一個締約國內，或（d）提單或證明海上運輸合

同的其 他單證是在一個締約國內簽發的，或（e）提單或證明海上運輸合同的其

他單證規定，本公約各項規定或實行本公約的任何國家的立法，應約束該合同。

2. 本公約各項規定的適用與船舶、承運人、實際承運人、托運人、收貨人或任

何其他有關人的國籍無關。

3.本公約的各項規定不適用于租船合同。但是，如 果提單是依據租船合同簽發

的，并繪制承運人和不是租船人的提單持有人之間的關系，則本公約的各項規定

適用于該提單。

4.如果合同規定，貨物將在一 個議定的期限內分批運輸，本公約的各項規定適

用于每批運輸。但是，如果運輸是按照租船合同進行的，則適用本條第 3 款的規

定。

第三條 對本公約的解釋

在解釋和應用本公約的各項規定時，應注意本公約的國際性和促進統一的需要。

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第 3 頁 共 34 頁

第二部分 承運人的責任

第四條 責任期間

1.按照本公約，承運人對貨物的責任期間包括 在裝貨港，在運輸途中以及在卸

貨港，貨物在承運人掌管的全部期間。

2.就本條第 1 款而言，在下述起迄期間，承運人應視為已掌管貨物：

（a） 自承運人從以下各方接管貨物時起：

（i）托運人或代其行事的人；或（ii）根據裝貨港適用的法律或規章，貨物必

須交其裝運的當局或其他第三方；

（b） 至承運人將貨物交付以下各方時止：

（i）將貨物交付收貨人；或（ii）遇有收貨人不向承運人提貨時，則依照合同

或卸貨港適用的法律或特定的貿易慣 例，將貨物置于收貨人支配之下；或（iii）

根據在卸貨港適用的法律或規章將貨物交給必須交付的當局或其他第三方。

3.在本條第 1 和第 2 款內提到 的承運人或收貨人，除指承運人和收貨人外，還

分別指承運人或收貨人的受雇人或代理人。

第五條 責任基礎

1.除非承運人證明他本人其受雇 人或代理人為避免該事故發生及其后果已采取

了一切所能合理要求的措施，否則承運人應對因貨物滅失或損壞或延遲交貨所造

成的損失負賠償責任，如果引起該項滅 失、損壞或延遲交付的事故，如同第四

條所述，是在承運人掌管期間發生的。

2.如果貨物未能在明確議定的時間內，或雖無此項議定，但未能在考慮到實 際

情況對一個勤勉的承運人所能合理要求的時間內，在海上運輸合同所規定的卸貨

港交貨，即為延遲交付。

3.如果貨物在本條第 2 款規定的交貨時間期滿 后連續六十天內未能按第四條的

要求交付，有權對貨物的滅失提出索賠的人可以視為貨物已經滅失。

4.（a）承運人對下列各項負賠償責任：

（i） 火災所引起的貨物的滅失、損壞或延遲交付，如果索賠人證明火災是由承

運人、其受雇人或代理人的過失或疏忽引起的；

（ii）經索賠人證明由于承運 人、其受雇人或代理人在采取可以合理要求的撲

滅火 災和避免或減輕其后果的一切措施中的過失或疏忽所造成的貨物的滅失、

損壞或延遲交付。

（b）凡 船上的火災影響到貨物時，如果索賠人或承運人要求，必須按照海運慣

例，對火災的起因和情況進行調查，并根據要求向承運人和索賠人提供一份調查

人的報告。

5. 關于活動物，承運人對此類運輸固有的任何特殊風險所造成的滅失、損傷或

延遲交付不負賠償責任。如果承運人證明他是按照托運人給他的關于動物的任何

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特別指示 行事的，并證明根據實際情況，滅失、損傷或延遲交付可以歸之于這

種風險時，則應推定滅失、損傷或延遲交付就是這樣引起的，除非證明滅失、損

傷或延遲交付的 全部或部分是由承運人、其受雇人或代理人的過失或疏忽所造

成的。

6.除分攤共同海損外，承運人對因在海上采取救助人命的措施或救助財產的合理

措施 而造成的滅失、損壞或延遲交付不負賠償責任。

7.如果貨物的滅失、損壞或延遲交付是由承運人、其受雇人或代理人的過失或疏

忽連同其他原因所引起 的，承運人僅在歸于他們的過失或疏忽所引起的滅失、

損壞或延遲交付的范圍內負賠償責任，但承運人須證明不屬于此種過失或疏忽所

造成的滅失、損壞或延遲交付 的數額。

第六條 責任限額

1.（a）按照第五條規定，承運人對貨物滅失或損壞造成的損失所負的賠償責任，

以滅失或損壞的貨物每件或每其 他貨運單位相當于 835 記帳單位或毛重每公斤

2.5 記帳單位的數額為限，兩者中以較高的數額為準。

（b）按照第五條規定，承運人對延遲交付的賠償 責任，以相當于該延遲交付貨

物應支付運費的 2.5 倍的數額時為限，但不得超過海上貨物運輸合同規定的應付

運費總額。

（c）根據本款（a）和（b） 項，承運人的總賠償責任，在任何情況下都不得超

過根據本款（a）項對貨物全部滅失引起的賠償責任所規定的限額。

2.按照本條第一款（a）項規定， 在計算較高數額時，應遵照下列規則：

（a）當使用集裝箱、貨盤或類似運輸器具拼裝貨物時，如果簽發了提單，在提

單中列明的，或在證明海上運輸合同 的任何其他單證中列明的，裝在這種運輸

器具內的件數或其他貨運單位數，即視為件數或貨運單位數。除上述情況外，這

種運輸器具內的貨物視為一個貨運單 位。（b）當運輸器具本身遭到滅失或損壞

時，該運輸器具如不屬于承運人所有或提供，即視為一個單獨的貨運單位。

3.記帳單位是指第二十六條中所述 的記帳單位。

4.承運人和托運人可以通過協議確定超過第 1 款規定的賠償責任限額。

第七條 對非合同索賠的適用

1.本公約規定的各 項抗辯和責任限額，適用于海上運輸合同所涉及的貨物的滅

失或 損壞，以及延遲交付對承運人提起的任何訴訟，不論這種訴訟是根據合同、

侵權行為或其他。

2. 如果這種訴訟是對承運人的受雇人或代理人提起的，而該受雇人或代理人能

證明他是在受雇職務范圍內行事的，則有權利用承運人根據本公約有權援引的抗

辯和責任 限額。

3.除第八條規定的情況外，從承運人和本條第 2 款所指的任何人取得的賠償金額

的總數，不得超過本公約所規定的責任限額。

第八條 責任限額權利的喪失

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1.如經證明滅失、損壞或延遲交付是由承運人有意造成這種滅失、損壞或延遲交

付作出的行為或不行為，或由承運人明知可能會產生 這種滅失、損壞或延遲交

付而仍不顧后果作出的行為或不行為產生的，則承運人無權享受第六條所規定的

責任限額的利益。

2.盡管有第七條第 2 款的規 定，如經證明滅失、損壞或延遲交付是由該受雇人

或代理人有意造成這種滅失、損壞或延遲交付作出的行為或不行為，或由該受雇

人或代理人明知可能會產生這種滅 失、損壞或延遲交付而仍不顧后果作出的行

為或不行為產生的，則承運人的受雇人或代理人無權享受第六條所規定的責任限

額的利益。

第九條 艙面貨

1. 承運人只有按照同托運人的協議或符合特定的貿易慣例，或依據法規的規章

的要求，才有權在艙面上載運貨物。

2.如果承運人和托運人議定，貨物應該或 可以在艙面上載運，承運人必須在提

單或證明海上運輸合同的其他單證上載列相應說明。如無此項說明，承運人有責

任證明，曾經達成在艙面上載運的協議。但承運 人無權援引這種協議對抗包括

收貨人在內的，相信并持有提單的第三方。

3.如違反本條第 1 款的規定將貨物載運在艙面上，或承運人不能按照本條第 2

款 援引在艙面上載運的協議，盡管有第五條第 1 款的規定，承運人仍須對僅由

于在艙面上載運而造成的貨物滅失或損壞以及延遲交付負賠償責任，而其賠償責

任的限 額，視情況分別按照本公約第六條或第八條的規定確定。

4.違反將貨物裝載在艙內的明文協議而將貨物裝載在艙面，應視為第八條含義內

的承運人的一種 行為或不行為。

第十條 承運人和實際承運人的賠償責任

1.如果將運輸或部分運輸委托給實際承運人執行時，不管根據海上運輸合同是否

有權這 樣做，承運人仍須按照本公約的規定對全部運輸負責。關于實際承運人

所履行的運輸，承運人應對實際承運人及其受雇人和代理人在他們的受雇范圍內

行事的行為或 不行為負責。

2.本公約對承運人責任的所有規定也適用于實際承運人對其所履行的運輸的責

任。如果對實際承運人的受雇人或代理人提起訴訟，應適用第 七條第 2 款、第

3 款和第八條第 2 款的規定。

3.承運人據以承擔本公約所未規定的義務或放棄本公約所賦予的權利的任何特

別協議，只有在實際承運人書 面明確表示同意時，才能對他發生影響。不論實

際承運人是否已經同意，承運人仍受這種特別協議所導致的義務或棄權的約束。

4.如果承運人和實際承運 人都有責任，則在此責任范圍內，他們應負連帶責任。

5.從承運人、實際承運人和他們的受雇人和代理人取得的賠償金額總數，不得超

過本公約所規定的 責任限額。

6.本條規定不妨礙承運人和實際承運人之間的任何追索權。

第十一條 聯運

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1.盡管有第十條第 1 款的規定，如海上運輸合 同明確規定，該合同包括的某一

特定部分的運輸由承運人以外的某一指定人履行，該合同也可以同時規定，承運

人對這一部分運輸期間貨物在實際承運人掌管之下，因發生事故而造成的滅失、

損壞或延遲交付不負責任。但是，如果不能按照第二十一條第 1 款或第 2 款規定

在有管轄權的法院對實際承運人提起法律訴訟，則任何限 制或豁免這種賠償責

任的規定均屬無效。承運人應負舉證責任，證明任何滅失、損壞或延遲交付是由

上述這種事故造成的。

2.按照第十條第 2 款的規定， 實際承運人須對貨物在他掌管期間因發生事故而

造成的滅失、損壞或延遲交付負責。

第三部分 托運人的責任

第十二條 一般規則

托運人對承運人或實際承運人所遭受的損失或 船舶所遭受的損壞不負賠償責

任，除非這種損失或損壞是由托運人、其受雇人或代理人的過失或疏忽所造成。

托運人的任何受雇人或代理人對這種損失或損壞也不負 責任，除非這種損失或

損壞是由他自己的過失或疏忽所造成。

第十三條 關于危險貨物的特殊規則

1.托運人必須以適當的方式在危險貨物上加上 危險的標志或標簽。

2.當托運人將危險貨物交給承運人或實際承運人時，托運人必須告知貨物的危險

性，必要時并告知應采取的預防措施。如果托運人沒 有這樣做，而且該承運人

或實際承運人又未從其他方面得知貨物的危險特性，則：

（a）托運人對承運人和任何實際承運人因載運這種貨物而造成的損失負 賠償責

任。并且（b）根據情況需要，可以隨時將貨物卸下，銷毀或使之無害，而不予

賠償；

3.任何人如在運輸期間，明知貨物的危險特性而加以接管， 則不得援引本條第

2 款的規定。

4.如果本條第 2 款（b）項的規定不適用或不能援引，而危險貨物對生命或財產

造成實際危險時，可視情況需要，將貨物 卸下、銷毀或使之無害，而不予賠償，

但共同海損分攤的義務或按照第五條規定承運人應負的賠償責任除外。

第四部分 運輸單證

第 十四條 提單的簽發

1.當承運人或實際承運人接管貨物時，應托運人要求，承運人必須給托運人簽發

提單。

2.提單可以由承運人授權的人簽 字。提單由載運貨物船舶的船長簽字應視為代

表承運人簽字。

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3.提單上的簽字可以用手寫、印摹、打孔、蓋章、符號或如不違反提單簽發地所

在國國家的 法律，用任何其他機械的或電子的方法。

第十五條 提單的內容

1.除其他事項外，提單必須包括下列項目：

（a）貨物的品類，辨認貨 物必需的主要標志，如屬危險品，對貨物的危險特性

所作的明確說明，包數或件數及貨物的重量或以其他方式表示的數量等，所有這

些項目均由托運人提供；

（b） 貨物的外表狀況；

（c）承運人的名稱和主要營業所；

（d）托運人的名稱；

（e）如托運人指定收貨人時，收貨人的名稱；

（f） 海上運輸合同規定的裝貨港及承運人在裝貨港接管貨物的日期；

（g）海上運輸合同規定的卸貨港；

（h）如提單正本超過一份，列明提單正本的 份數；

（i）提單的簽發地點；

（j）承運人或其代表的簽字；

（k）收貨人應付運費金額或由收貨人支付運費的其他說明；

（l） 第二十三條第 3 款所提到的聲明；

（m）如屬艙面貨，貨物應該或可以裝在艙面上運輸的聲明；

（n）如經雙方明確協議，應列明貨物在卸貨港交 付的日期或期限；和（o）按

照第六條第 4 款規定，協議的任何增加的賠償責任限額。

2.貨物裝船后，如果托運人這樣要求，承運人必須給托運人簽發 “已裝船”提

單。除本條第 1 款所規定的項目外，該提單還必須說明貨物已裝上一艘或數艘指

定的船舶，以及一個或數個裝貨日期。如果承運人先前已向托運人簽發 過關于

該批貨物的任何部分的提單或其他物權單證，經承運人要求，托運人必須交回這

種單證以換取“已裝船”提單。承運人為了滿足托運人對“已裝船”提單的要 求，

可以修改任何先前簽發的單證，但經修改后的單證應包括“已裝船”提單所需載

有的全部項目。

3.提單缺少本條所規定的一項或多項，不影響該單證 作為提單的法律性質，但

該單證必須符合第一條第 7 款規定的要求。

第十六條 提單：保留和證據效力

1.如果承運人或代其簽發提單的其他人確 知或有合理的根據懷疑提單所載有關

貨物的品類、主要標志，包數或件數、重量或數量等項目沒有準確地表示實際接

管的貨物，或在簽發“已裝船”提單的情況下， 沒有準確地表示已實際裝船的

貨物，或者他無適當的方法來核對這些項目，則承運人或該其他人必須在提單上作出保留，注明不符之處、懷疑根據、或無適當的核對 方法。

2.如果承運人或代他簽發提單的其他人未在提單上批注貨物的外表狀況，則應視

為他已在提單上注明貨物的外表狀況良好。

3.除按本條 第 1 款規定就有關項目和其范圍作出許可在保留以外：

（a）提單是承運人接管，或如簽發“已裝船”提單時，裝載提單所述貨物的初

步證據；

（b）如果提單已轉讓給相信提單上有關貨物的描述而照此行事的包括收貨人在

內的第三方，則承運人提出與此相反的證據不予接受。

4.如果提單未按照第十五 條第 1 款（k）項的規定載明運費或以其他方式說明運

費由收貨人支付或未載明在裝貨港發生的滯期費由收貨人支付，則該提單是收貨

人不支付運費或滯期費的初步 證據。如果提單已轉讓給相信提單上無任何此種

說明而照此行事的包括收貨人在內的第三方，則承運人提出的與此相反的證據不

予接受。

第十七條 托運人的保證

1.托運人應視為已向承運人保證，由他提供列入提單的有關貨物的品類、標志、

件數、重量和數量等項目正確無誤。托運人必須賠償承運人 因為這些項目的不

正確而導致的損失。托運人即使已將提單轉讓，仍須負賠償責任。承運人取得的

這種賠償權利，絕不減輕他按照海上運輸合同對托運人以外的任何 人所負的賠

償責任。

2.任何保函或協議，據此托運人保證賠償承運人由于承運人或其代表未就托運人

提供列入提單的項目或貨物的外表狀況批注保留而簽 發提單所引起的損失，對

包括收貨人在內的受讓提單的任何第三方，均屬無效。

3.這種保函或協議對托運人有效，除非承運人或其代表不批注本條第 2 款 所指

的保留是有意詐騙，相信提單上對貨物的描述而行事的包括收貨人在內的第三

方，在后面這種情況下，如未批注的保留與由托運人提供列入提單的項目有關，

承 運人就無權按照本條第 1 款規定，要求托運人給予賠償。

4.如屬本條第 3 款所指的有意詐騙，承運人不得享受本公約所規定的責任限額的

利益，并且對由 于相信提單上所載貨物的描述而行事的包括收貨人在內的第三

方所遭受的損失負賠償責任。

第十八條 提單以外的單證

如果承運人簽發提單以外的 單證以證明收到待運的貨物，該單證就是訂立海上

運輸合同和承運人接管該單證中所述貨物的初步證據。

第五部分 索賠和訴訟

第十九條 滅失、損壞或延遲交付的通知

1.除非收貨人在不遲于貨 物移交給他之日后第一個工作日內將滅失或損壞的書

面通知送交承運人，敘明滅失或損壞的一般性質，否則此種移交應作為承運人交

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付運輸單證上所述貨物的初步證 據或如未簽發這種單證，則應作為完好無損地

交付貨物的初步證據。

2.遇有不明顯的滅失或損壞：在貨物交付收貨人之日后連續十五天內未送交書面

通 知，則本條第 1 款的規定相應地適用。

3.如貨物的狀況在交付收貨人時，已經由當事各方聯合檢查或檢驗，即無需就檢

查或檢驗中所查明的滅失或損壞送 交書面通知。

4.遇有任何實際的或意料到的滅失或損失時，承運人和收貨人必須為檢驗和清點

貨物相互提供一切合理的便利。

5.除非在貨物交 給收貨人之日后連續六十天之內書面通知承運人，否則對延遲

交付造成的損失不予賠償。

6.如果貨物由實際承運人交付，根據本條送給他的任何通知具有 如同送交承運

人的同等效力，同樣，送交承運人的任何通知具有如同送交實際承運人的同等效

力。

7.除非承運人或實際承運人不遲于滅失或損壞事故發生 后或依照第四條第 2 款

在貨物交付后連續九十天之內，以較后發生日期為準，將滅失或損壞的書面通知

送交托運人，敘明此種滅失或損壞的一般性質，否則，未提交 這種通知即為承

運人或實際承運人沒有因為托運人或其受雇人或代理人的過失或疏忽而遭受滅

失或損壞的初步證據。

8.就本條而言，通知送交給代表承運 人或實際承運人行事的人，包括船長或主

管船舶的高級船員，或送交代表托運人行事的人，即應分別視為已經送交承運人、

實際承運人或托運人。

第二十條 訴訟時效

1.按照本公約有關貨物運輸的任何訴訟，如果在兩年內沒有提出司法或仲裁程

序，即失去時效。

2.時效期限自承運人交付貨物或部 分貨物之日開始，如未交付貨物，則自貨物

應該交付的最后一日開始。

3.時效期限開始之日不計算在期限內。

4.被要求賠償的人，可以在時效 期限內的任何時間，向索賠人提出書面說明，

延長時效期限。該期限還可以用另一次或多次聲明再度延長。

5.如果訴訟是在起訴地所有國國家法律許可的 時間內提起，負有賠償責任的人

即使在以上各款規定的時效期限屆滿后，仍可以提起追賠的訴訟。但是，所許可

的時間不得小于從提起索賠訟訴的人已解決了對他的 賠償或從他本人提起的傳

票送達之日起九十天。

第二十一條 管轄權

1.按本公約規定在有關貨物運輸的司法程序中，原告可以選擇在這樣的法院 提

起訴訟，按照該法院所在國法律該法院有權管轄，并且下列地點之一位于該法院

管轄范圍：

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（a）被告的主要營業所，或如無主要營業所時，其通常住 所；或（b）合同訂

立地，但該合同須是通過被告在該地的營業所、分支機構或代理機構訂立的；或

（c）裝貨港或卸貨港；或（d）海上運輸合同中為此目的指定 的任何其他地點。

2.（a）盡管有本條上述各項規定，如果載貨船舶或屬于同一船舶所有人的任何

其他船舶，在一個締約國的任何一個港口或地點，按照 該國適用的法律規則和

國際法規則被扣留，就可在該港口或該地點的法院提起訴訟。但是，在這種情況

下，一經被告請求，原告必須將訴訟轉移到由原告選擇的本條 第 1 款所指的管

轄法院之一，以對索賠作出判決。但在訴訟轉移之前，被告必須提供足夠的保證

金，以確保支付在訴訟中可能最后判給原告的金額。

（b） 一切有關保證金是否足夠的問題，應由扣留港口或地點的法院裁定。

3.按照本公約有關貨物運輸的一切法律訴訟，不得在本條第 1 或第 2 款沒有規定

的地 點提起。本款的規定不妨礙締約國采取臨時性或保護性措施的管轄權。

4.（a）如已在按本條第 1 或第 2 款規定有管轄權的法院提起訴訟，或已由這樣

的 法院作出判決，相同當事方之間不得基于相同理由，提起新的訴訟，除非受

理第一次訴訟的法院的判決在提起新訴訟地的國家不能執行；

（b）就本條而 言，為執行判決而采取措施，不應視為提起新的訴訟；

（c）就本條而言，按照本條第 2 款（a）項將訴訟轉移到同一個國家的另一法院，

或轉移到另一個 國家的法院，不應視為提起新的訴訟。

5.盡管有以上各款的規定，在按照海上運輸合同提出索賠之后，當事各方達成的

指定索賠人可以提起訴訟的地點的 協議應屬有效。

第二十二條 仲裁

1.按照本條各項規定，當事各方可以用書面證明的協議規定，按照本公約可能發

生的有關貨物運輸的任何爭端 應提交仲裁。

2.如租船合同載有該合同引起的爭端應提交促裁的條款，而依據租船合同簽發的

提單并未特別注明此條款對提單持有人具有約束力，則承運 人不得對相信提單

的提單持有人援引該條款。

3.原告可以選擇在下列地點之一，提起仲裁程序：（a）一國的某一地點，該國領

土內應有：

（i） 被告的主要營業所，或無主要營業所時，其通常住所；或（ii）簽訂合同

地，但該合同須是通過被告在該地的營業所、分支機構或代理機構訂立的；或

（iii） 裝貨港或卸貨港；或（b）仲裁條款或協議中為此目的而指定的任何地

點。

4.仲裁員或仲裁庭應當應用本公約的各項規則。

5.本條第 3 和第 4 款規定應視為每一仲裁條款或協議的一部分，仲裁條款或協

議中與此兩款不符的任何規定，均屬無效。

6.本條各款不影響按照海上運輸合同提出索賠之 后，當事各方所訂立的有關仲

裁協議的效力。

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第六部分 補充規定

第二十三條 合同條款

1.海上運輸合同、提單或證明海上運輸合同的任何其他單證中的任何條款，在其

直接或間接違 背本公約規定的范圍內，均屬無效。這種條款的無效不影響作為

該合同或單證的其他部分規定的效力。將貨物的保險利益讓給承運人的條款，或

任何類似條款，均屬 無效。

2.盡管有本條第 1 款的規定，承運人可以增加本公約中規定的他的責任和義務。

3.在簽發提單或證明海上運輸合同的任何其他單證時，其中必須載有一項聲明，

說明該項運輸遵守本公約的各項規定，任何背離本公約而有害于托運人或收貨人

的條款，均屬無效。

4.如有關貨物的索賠人由于 本條款使某項合同條款成為無效或由于漏載本條第

3 款所指的聲明而遭受損失時，為了給予索賠人賠償，承運人必須按照本公約規

定對貨物的任何滅失或損壞以及延 遲交付支付所要求的限額內的賠償金。此外，

承運人必須賠償索賠人為行使其權利而產生的費用，但在援引上述規定的訴訟中

所發生的費用，應按照起訴地國家法律 確定。

第二十四條 共同海損

1.本公約各條規定不妨礙海上運輸合同或國家法律中關于共同海損理算的規定

的適用。

2.除第二十條 外，本公約關于承運人對貨物滅失或損壞的賠償責任的規定，也

決定收貨人是否可以拒絕共同海損分攤和承運人對收貨人已交付的任何此種分

攤額或已支付的任何救 助費的賠償責任。

第二十五條 其他公約

1.本公約不改變有關海運船舶所有人責任限額的國際公約或國家法律中規定的

承運人、實際承運人和他 們的受雇人和代理人的權利或義務。

2.本公約第二十一條和第二十二條的各項規定不妨礙在本公約締結之日已生效

的有關該兩條所處理事項的任何其他多 邊公約的強制性規定的適用，但須爭端

完全發生在其主要營業所位于這種其他公約的締約國內的當事方之間。但是，本

款不影響本公約第二十二條第 4 款的適用。

3. 對核事故造成的損害，按本公約規定不發生賠償責任，如果核裝置操作人根

據下列規定對該損害負賠償責任：

（a）根據經一九六四年一月二十八日補充議 定書修訂的一九六○年七月二十九

日關于在核能領域中第三方賠償責任的巴黎公約或者根據一九六三年五月二十

一日關于核損害的民事賠償責任的維也納公約， 或 （b）根據規定對這種損

害賠償的國家法律，但此種法律須在各方面都同巴黎公約或維也納公約那樣有利

于可能遭受損害的人。

4.如按照有關 海上運送旅客及其行李的任何國際公約或國家法律，承運人對行

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李的任何滅失、損壞或延遲交付負賠償責任，則根據本公約規定不發生賠償責任。

5.本公 約各項規定不妨礙締約國應用在本公約締結之日已經生效的任何其他國

際公約，而該公約是強制性地適用于主要運輸方式不是海上運輸的貨物運輸合

同。本規定也適 用于此種國際公約以后的任何修訂或修改。

第二十六條 記帳單位

1.本公約第六條所指的記帳單位是國際貨幣基金組織所規定的特別提款權。第

六條所述的數額應按在判決日或當事各方議定之日該國貨幣的價值換算為該國

貨幣。凡屬國際貨幣基金組織成員的本公約締約國，以特別提款權表示的本國貨

幣價值 應按國際貨物基金組織中上述日期進行營業和交易中應用的定值辦法計

算。非國際貨幣基金組織成員的本公約締約國，以特別提款權表示的本國貨幣價

值，應按該國 決定的辦法計算。

2.但是，非國際貨幣基金組織成員國而且其法律又不允許應用本條款第 1 款規定

的國家，可以在簽字時，或在批準、接受、認可或加入 時，或在其后的任何時

候，聲明本公約規定的責任限額在該國領土內適用時，應確定為：

貨物每件或其他貨運單位 12500 貨幣單位，或貨物毛重每公斤 37.5 貨幣單位。

3.本條第 2 款所指的貨幣單位等于純度為千分之九百的六十五點五毫克黃金。將

第 2 款所指的數額換算成國家貨幣時，應按該國法律 規定辦理。

4.本條第 1 款最后一句所述的計算及本條第三款所述的換算應這樣進行，即盡可

能使以締約國貨幣表示的數額與在第六條內以記帳單位表示的 數額的實際價值

相同。締約國在簽字時或在交存其批準書、接受書、認可書和加入書時，或在利

用本條第 2 款所規定的選擇時，以及在計算方法或換算結果有改變 時，必須視

情況，將依照本條第 1 款決定計算的方法或本條第 3 款所述的換算結果，通知公

約保管人。

第七部分 最后條款

第二十七條 保管人

茲指定聯合國秘書長為本公約保管人。

第二十八條 簽字、批準、接受、認可、加入

1. 本公約于一九七九年四月三十日以前在紐約聯合國總部對所有國家開放，以

供簽字。

2.本公約須經簽字國批準、接受或認可。

3.一九七九年四 月三十日以后，本公約對所有不是簽字國的國家開放，以便加

入。

4.批準書、接受書、認可書和加入書應由聯合國秘書長保管。

第二十九條 保留

對本公約不得作任何保留。

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第三十條 生效

1.本公約自第二十份批準書、接受書、認可書或加入書交存之日起滿一年后的次

月第一 日生效。

2.對于在第二十份批準書、接受書、認可書或加入書交存之日后成為本公約締約

國的每一個國家，本公約自該國交存相應文件之日起滿一年后的 次月第一日生

效。

3.每一締約國應將本公約的各項規定適用于在本公約對該國生效之日或其后簽

訂的海上運輸合同。

第三十一條 退出其他公約

1. 在成為本公約締約國時，凡是一九二四年八月二十五日在布魯塞爾簽訂的關

于統一提單若干規則的國際公約（一九二四年公約）的締約國，都必須通知作為

一九二四 年公約保管人的比利時政府退出該公約，并聲明該退出自本公約對該

國生效之日起生效。

2.按照第三十條第 1 款規定，本公約生效時，本公約的保管人必 須將生效日期

和本公約對其生效的締約國國名，通知一九二四年公約的保管人比利時政府。

3.本條第 1 款和第 2 款的規定，對一九六八年二月二十三日簽 訂的修改一九二

四年八月二十五日在布魯塞爾簽訂的關于統一提單若干規則的國際公約的議定

書的締約國相應適用。

4.盡管有本公約第二條規定，就本條 第 1 款而言，締約國如果認為需要，可以

推遲退出一九二四年公約和經過一九六八年議定書修改的一九二四年公約，推遲

的最長期限為自本公約生效之日起五年，在 這種情況下，它應把自己的意圖通

知比利時政府。在此過渡期間，該締約國必須對其他締約國應用本公約，而不應

用任何其他公約。

第三十二條 修訂和修改

1.經不少于三分之一的本公約締約國的要求，保管人應召開締約國會議，以修訂

或者修改本公約。

2.在本公約 修訂案生效后交存的任何批準書、接受書、認可書或加入書，應視

為適用于經修改后的本公約。

第三十三條 對限額和記帳單位或貨幣單位的修訂

1. 盡管有第三十二條的規定，保管人應按照本條第 2 款規定，召開專為修改第

六條和第二十六條第2款所定的數額或者用其他單位代替第二十六條第1款和第

3 款所定 的兩個單位或其中的一個單位為目的的會議。數額中只有在其實際價

值發生重大變化時，才得加以修改。

2.經不少于四分之一締約國要求，保管人即應召 開修訂會議。

3.會議的任何決定必須由與會國家三分之二的多數作出。修訂案由保管人送交所

有締約國以便接受，并通報所有該公約的簽字國。

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4. 所通過的任何修訂案自獲得三分之二締約國接受之日起，在滿一年后的次月

第一日生效。接受修訂案時，應將表示接受的正式文件交存保管人。

5.修訂案 生效后，接受修訂案的締約國，在同修訂案通過后六個月內沒有通知

保管人不受該修訂案約束的締約國的關系上，有權應用經修訂的公約。

6.在本公約修 訂案生效后交存在任何批準書、接受書、認可書或加入書，應視

為適用經修訂的公約。

第三十四條 退出

1.締約國可以在任何時候書面通知保管 人退出本公約。

2.退出本公約自保管人收到通知書之日起，在滿一年后的次月第一日生效。如在

通知中規定了較長的期限，則退出本公約自保管人收到通 知后在該較長期限屆

滿時生效。

一九七八年三月三十一日訂于漢堡，正本一份。其阿拉伯文、中文、英文、法文、

俄和西班牙文本具有同等效力。下列全權 代表，經其政府正式授權，已在本公

約上簽字，以資證明 。

摘自：http://www.chinalawedu.com/news/2003_9 /5/2054392248.htm

《海商法》 司玉琢主編 法律出版社 2003 年版 第 160 頁

《國際海事立法趨勢及對策研究》司玉琢 主編 法律出版社 2002 年版 第 287

頁

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UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION ON THE CARRIAGE OF GOODS BY SEA ("HAMBURG

RULES")

(Hamburg, 31 March 1978)

PREAMBLE

THE STATES PARTIES TO THIS CONVENTION,

HAVING RECOGNIZED the desirability of determining by agreement certain

rules relating to the carriage of goods by sea,

HAVING DECIDED to conclude a convention for this purpose and have thereto

agreed as follows:

PART I. GENERAL PROVISIONS

Article 1. Definitions

In this Convention:

1. "Carrier" means any person by whom or in whose name a contract of

carriage of goods by sea has been concluded with a shipper.

2. "Actual carrier" means any person to whom the performance of the

carriage of the goods, or of part of the carriage, has been entrusted by

the carrier, and includes any other person to whom such performance has

been entrusted.

3. "Shipper" means any person by whom or in whose name or on whose behalf

a contract of carriage of goods by sea has been concluded with a carrier,

or any person by whom or in whose name or on whose behalf the goods are

actually delivered to the carrier in relation to the contract of carriage

by sea.

4. "Consignee" means the person entitled to take delivery of the goods.

5. "Goods" includes live animals; where the goods are consolidated in a

container, pallet or similar article of transport or where they are packed,

goods includes such article of transport or packaging if supplied by the

shipper.

6. "Contract of carriage by sea" means any contract whereby the carrier

undertakes against payment of freight to carry goods by sea from one port

to another; however, a contract which involves carriage by sea and also

carriage by some other means is deemed to be a contract of carriage by

sea for the purposes of this Convention only in so far as it relates to

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the carriage by sea.

7. "Bill of lading" means a document which evidences a contract of carriage

by sea and the taking over or loading of the goods by the carrier, and

by which the carrier undertakes to deliver the goods against surrender

of the document. A provision in the document that the goods are to be

delivered to the order of a named person, or to order, or to bearer,

constitutes such an undertaking.

8. "Writing" includes, inter alia, telegram and telex.

Article 2. Scope of application

1. The provisions of this Convention are applicable to all contracts of

carriage by sea between two different States, if:

(a) the port of loading as provided for in the contract of carriage by

sea is located in a Contracting State, or

(b) the port of discharge as provided for in the contract of carriage by

sea is located in a Contracting State, or

(c) one of the optional ports of discharge provided for in the contract

of carriage by sea is the actual port of discharge and such port is located

in a Contracting State, or

(d) the bill of lading or other document evidencing the contract of

carriage by sea is issued in a Contracting State, or

(e) the bill of lading or other document evidencing the contract of

carriage by sea provides that the provisions of this Convention or the

legislation of any State giving effect to them are to govern the contract.

2. The provisions of this Convention are applicable without regard to the

nationality of the ship, the carrier, the actual carrier, the shipper,

the consignee or any other interested person.

3. The provisions of this Convention are not applicable to charter-parties.

However, where a bill of lading is issued pursuant to a charter-party,

the provisions of the Convention apply to such a bill of lading if it

governs the relation between the carrier and the holder of the bill of

lading, not being the charterer.

4. If a contract provides for future carriage of goods in a series of

shipments during an agreed period, the provisions of this Convention apply

to each shipment. However, where a shipment is made under a charter-party,

the provisions of paragraph 3 of this article apply.

Article 3. Interpretation of the Convention

In the interpretation and application of the provisions of this Convention

regard shall be had to its international character and to the need to

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promote uniformity.

PART II. LIABILITY OF THE CARRIER

Article 4. Period of responsibility

1. The responsibility of the carrier for the goods under this Convention

covers the period during which the carrier is in charge of the goods at

the port of loading, during the carriage and at the port of discharge.

2. For the purpose of paragraph 1 of this article, the carrier is deemed

to be in charge of the goods

(a) from the time he has taken over the goods from:

(i) the shipper, or a person acting on his behalf; or

(ii) an authority or other third party to whom, pursuant to law or

regulations applicable at the port of loading, the goods must be handed

over for shipment;

(b) until the time he has delivered the goods:

(i) by handing over the goods to the consignee; or

(ii) in cases where the consignee does not receive the goods from the

carrier, by placing them at the disposal of the consignee in accordance

with the contract or with the law or with the usage of the particular trade,

applicable at the port of discharge; or

(iii) by handing over the goods to an authority or other third party to

whom, pursuant to law or regulations applicable at the port of discharge,

the goods must be handed over.

3. In paragraphs 1 and 2 of this article, reference to the carrier or to

the consignee means, in addition to the carrier or the consignee, the

servants or agents, respectively of the carrier or the consignee.

Article 5. Basis of liability

1. The carrier is liable for loss resulting from loss of or damage to the

goods, as well as from delay in delivery, if the occurrence which caused

the loss, damage or delay took place while the goods were in his charge

as defined in article 4, unless the carrier proves that he, his servants

or agents took all measures that could reasonably be required to avoid

the occurrence and its consequences.

2. Delay in delivery occurs when the goods have not been delivered at the

port of discharge provided for in the contract of carriage by sea within

the time expressly agreed upon or, in the absence of such agreement, within

the time which it would be reasonable to require of a diligent carrier,

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having regard to the circumstances of the case.

3. The person entitled to make a claim for the loss of goods may treat

the goods as lost if they have not been delivered as required by article

4 within 60 consecutive days following the expiry of the time for delivery

according to paragraph 2 of this article.

4. (a) The carrier is liable

(i) for loss of or damage to the goods or delay in delivery caused by fire,

if the claimant proves that the fire arose from fault or neglect on the

part of the carrier, his servants or agents;

(ii) for such loss, damage or delay in delivery which is proved by the

claimant to have resulted from the fault or neglect of the carrier, his

servants or agents in taking all measures that could reasonably be

required to put out the fire and avoid or mitigate its consequences.

(b) In case of fire on board the ship affecting the goods, if the claimant

or the carrier so desires, a survey in accordance with shipping practices

must be held into the cause and circumstances of the fire, and a copy of

the surveyors report shall be made available on demand to the carrier and

the claimant.

5. With respect to live animals, the carrier is not liable for loss, damage

or delay in delivery resulting from any special risks inherent in that

kind of carriage. If the carrier proves that he has complied with any

special instructions given to him by the shipper respecting the animals

and that, in the circumstances of the case, the loss, damage or delay in

delivery could be attributed to such risks, it is presumed that the loss,

damage or delay in delivery was so caused, unless there is proof that all

or a part of the loss, damage or delay in delivery resulted from fault

or neglect on the part of the carrier, his servants or agents.

6. The carrier is not liable, except in general average, where loss, damage

or delay in delivery resulted from measures to save life or from reasonable

measures to save property at sea.

7. Where fault or neglect on the part of the carrier, his servants or agents

combines with another cause to produce loss, damage or delay in delivery,

the carrier is liable only to the extent that the loss, damage or delay

in delivery is attributable to such fault or neglect, provided that the

carrier proves the amount of the loss, damage or delay in delivery not

attributable thereto.

Article 6. Limits of liability

1. (a) The liability of the carrier for loss resulting from loss of or

damage to goods according to the provisions of article 5 is limited to

an amount equivalent to 835 units of account per package or other shipping

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unit or 2.5 units of account per kilogram of gross weight of the goods

lost or damaged, whichever is the higher.

(b) The liability of the carrier for delay in delivery according to the

provisions of article 5 is limited to an amount equivalent to two and a

half times the freight payable for the goods delayed, but not exceeding

the total freight payable under the contract of carriage of goods by sea.

(c) In no case shall the aggregate liability of the carrier, under both

subparagraphs (a) and (b) of this paragraph, exceed the limitation which

would be established under subparagraph (a) of this paragraph for total

loss of the goods with respect to which such liability was incurred.

2. For the purpose of calculating which amount is the higher in accordance

with paragraph 1 (a) of this article, the following rules apply:

(a) Where a container, pallet or similar article of transport is used to

consolidate goods, the package or other shipping units enumerated in the

bill of lading, if issued, or otherwise in any other document evidencing

the contract of carriage by sea, as packed in such article of transport

are deemed packages or shipping units. Except as aforesaid the goods in

such article of transport are deemed one shipping unit.

(b) In cases where the article of transport itself has been lost or damaged,

that article of transport, if not owned or otherwise supplied by the

carrier, is considered one separate shipping unit.

3. Unit of account means the unit of account mentioned in article 26.

4. By agreement between the carrier and the shipper, limits of liability

exceeding those provided for in paragraph 1 may be fixed.

Article 7. Application to non-contractual claims

1. The defences and limits of liability provided for in this Convention

apply in any action against the carrier in respect of loss of or damage

to the goods covered by the contract of carriage by sea, as well as of

delay in delivery whether the action is founded in contract, in tort or

otherwise.

2. If such an action is brought against a servant or agent of the carrier,

such servant or agent, if he proves that he acted within the scope of his

employment, is entitled to avail himself of the defences and limits of

liability which the carrier is entitled to invoke under this Convention.

3. Except as provided in article 8, the aggregate of the amounts

recoverable from the carrier and from any persons referred to in paragraph

2 of this article shall not exceed the limits of liability provided for

in this Convention.

Article 8. Loss of right to limit responsibility

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1. The carrier is not entitled to the benefit of the limitation of

liability provided for in article 6 if it is proved that the loss, damage

or delay in delivery resulted from an act or omission of the carrier done

with the intent to cause such loss, damage or delay, or recklessly and

with knowledge that such loss, damage or delay would probably result.

2. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 2 of article 7, a servant

or agent of the carrier is not entitled to the benefit of the limitation

of liability provided for in article 6 if it is proved that the loss, damage

or delay in delivery resulted from an act or omission of such servant or

agent, done with the intent to cause such loss, damage or delay, or

recklessly and with knowledge that such loss, damage or delay would

probably result.

Article 9. Deck cargo

1. The carrier is entitled to carry the goods on deck only if such carriage

is in accordance with an agreement with the shipper or with the usage of

the particular trade or is required by statutory rules or regulations.

2. If the carrier and the shipper have agreed that the goods shall or may

be carried on deck, the carrier must insert in the bill of lading or other

document evidencing the contract of carriage by sea a statement to that

effect. In the absence of such a statement the carrier has the burden of

proving that an agreement for carriage on deck has been entered into;

however, the carrier is not entitled to invoke such an agreement against

a third party, including a consignee, who has acquired the bill of lading

in good faith.

3. Where the goods have been carried on deck contrary to the provisions

of paragraph 1 of this article or where the carrier may not under paragraph

2 of this article invoke an agreement for carriage on deck, the carrier,

notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 1 of article 5, is liable for

loss of or damage to the goods, as well as for delay in delivery, resulting

solely from the carriage on deck, and the extent of his liability is to

be determined in accordance with the provisions of article 6 or article

8 of this Convention, as the case may be.

4. Carriage of goods on deck contrary to express agreement for carriage

under deck is deemed to be an act or omission of the carrier within the

meaning of article 8.

Article 10. Liability of the carrier and actual carrier

1. Where the performance of the carriage or part thereof has been entrusted

to an actual carrier, whether or not in pursuance of a liberty under the

contract of carriage by sea to do so, the carrier nevertheless remains

responsible for the entire carriage according to the provisions of this

Convention. The carrier is responsible, in relation to the carriage

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performed by the actual carrier, for the acts and omissions of the actual

carrier and of his servants and agents acting within the scope of their

employment.

2. All the provisions of this Convention governing the responsibility of

the carrier also apply to the responsibility of the actual carrier for

the carriage performed by him. The provisions of paragraphs 2 and 3 of

article 7 and of paragraph 2 of article 8 apply if an action is brought

against a servant or agent of the actual carrier.

3. Any special agreement under which the carrier assumes obligations not

imposed by this Convention or waives rights conferred by this Convention

affects the actual carrier only if agreed to by him expressly and in

writing. Whether or not the actual carrier has so agreed, the carrier

nevertheless remains bound by the obligations or waivers resulting from

such special agreement.

4. Where and to the extent that both the carrier and the actual carrier

are liable, their liability is joint and several.

5. The aggregate of the amounts recoverable from the carrier, the actual

carrier and their servants and agents shall not exceed the limits of

liability provided for in this Convention.

6. Nothing in this article shall prejudice any right of recourse as between

the carrier and the actual carrier.

Article 11. Through carriage

1. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 1 of article 10, where a

contract of carriage by sea provides explicitly that a specified part of

the carriage covered by the said contract is to be performed by a named

person other than the carrier, the contract may also provide that the

carrier is not liable for loss, damage or delay in delivery caused by an

occurrence which takes place while the goods are in the charge of the

actual carrier during such part of the carriage. Nevertheless, any

stipulation limiting or excluding such liability is without effect if no

judicial proceedings can be instituted against the actual carrier in a

court competent under paragraph 1 or 2 of article 21. The burden of proving

that any loss, damage or delay in delivery has been caused by such an

occurrence rests upon the carrier.

2. The actual carrier is responsible in accordance with the provisions

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of paragraph 2 of article 10 for loss, damage or delay in delivery caused

by an occurrence which takes place while the goods are in his charge.

PART III. LIABILITY OF THE SHIPPERS

Article 12. General rule

The shipper is not liable for loss sustained by the carrier or the actual

carrier, or for damage sustained by the ship, unless such loss or damage

was caused by the fault or neglect of the shipper, his servants or agents.

Nor is any servant or agent of the shipper liable for such loss or damage

unless the loss or damage was caused by fault or neglect on his part.

Article 13. Special rules on dangerous goods

1. The shipper must mark or label in a suitable manner dangerous goods

as dangerous.

2. Where the shipper hands over dangerous goods to the carrier or an actual

carrier, as the case may be, the shipper must inform him of the dangerous

character of the goods and, if necessary, of the precautions to be taken.

If the shipper fails to do so and such carrier or actual carrier does not

otherwise have knowledge of their dangerous character:

(a) the shipper is liable to the carrier and any actual carrier for the

loss resulting from the shipment of such goods, and

(b) the goods may at any time be unloaded, destroyed or rendered innocuous,

as the circumstances may require, without payment of compensation.

3. The provisions of paragraph 2 of this article may not be invoked by

any person if during the carriage he has taken the goods in his charge

with knowledge of their dangerous character.

4. If, in cases where the provisions of paragraph 2, subparagraph (b),

of this article do not apply or may not be invoked, dangerous goods become

an actual danger to life or property, they may be unloaded, destroyed or

rendered innocuous, as the circumstances may require, without payment of

compensation except where there is an obligation to contribute in general

average or where the carrier is liable in accordance with the provisions

of article

PART IV. TRANSPORT DOCUMENTS

Article 14. Issue of bill of lading

1. When the carrier or the actual carrier takes the goods in his charge,

the carrier must, on demand of the shipper, issue to the shipper a bill

of lading.

2. The bill of lading may be signed by a person having authority from the

carrier. A bill of lading signed by the master of the ship carrying the

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goods is deemed to have been signed on behalf of the carrier.

3. The signature on the bill of lading may be in handwriting, printed in

facsimile, perforated, stamped, in symbols, or made by any other

mechanical or electronic means, if not inconsistent with the law of the

country where the bill of lading is issued.

Article 15. Contents of bill of lading

1. The bill of lading must include, inter alia, the following particulars:

(a) the general nature of the goods, the leading marks necessary for

identification of the goods, an express statement, if applicable, as to

the dangerous character of the goods, the number of packages or pieces,

and the weight of the goods or their quantity otherwise expressed, all

such particulars as furnished by the shipper;

(b) the apparent condition of the goods;

(c) the name and principal place of business of the carrier;

(d) the name of the shipper;

(e) the consignee if named by the shipper;

(f) the port of loading under the contract of carriage by sea and the date

on which the goods were taken over by the carrier at the port of loading;

(g) the port of discharge under the contract of carriage by sea;

(h) the number of originals of the bill of lading, if more than one;

(i) the place of issuance of the bill of lading;

(j) the signature of the carrier or a person acting on his behalf;

(k) the freight to the extent payable by the consignee or other indication

that freight is payable by him;

(l) the statement referred to in paragraph 3 of article 23;

(m) the statement, if applicable, that the goods shall or may be carried

on deck;

(n) the date or the period of delivery of the goods at the port of discharge

if expressly agreed upon between the parties; and

(o) any increased limit or limits of liability where agreed in accordance

with paragraph 4 of article 6.

2. After the goods have been loaded on board, if the shipper so demands,

the carrier must issue to the shipper a "shipped" bill of lading which,

in addition to the particulars required under paragraph 1 of this article,

must state that the goods are on board a named ship or ships, and the date

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or dates of loading. If the carrier has previously issued to the shipper

a bill of lading or other document of title with respect to any of such

goods, on request of the carrier the shipper must surrender such document

in exchange for a "shipped" bill of lading. The carrier may amend any

previously issued document in order to meet the shippers demand for a

"shipped" bill of lading if, as amended, such document includes all the

information required to be contained in a "shipped" bill of lading.

3. The absence in the bill of lading of one or more particulars referred

to in this article does not affect the legal character of the document

as a bill of lading provided that it nevertheless meets the requirements

set out in paragraph 7 of article 1.

Article 16. Bills of lading: reservations and evidentiary effect

1. If the bill of lading contains particulars concerning the general

nature, leading marks, number of packages of pieces, weight or quantity

of the goods which the carrier or other person issuing the bill of lading

on his behalf knows or has reasonable grounds to suspect do not accurately

represent the goods actually taken over or, where a "shipped" bill of

lading is issued, loaded, or if he had no reasonable means of checking

such particulars, the carrier or such other person must insert in the bill

of lading a reservation specifying these inaccuracies, grounds of

suspicion or the absence of reasonable means of checking.

2. If the carrier or other person issuing the bill of lading on his behalf

fails to note on the bill of lading the apparent condition of the goods,

he is deemed to have noted on the bill of lading that the goods were in

apparent good condition.

3. Except for particulars in respect of which and to the extent to which

a reservation permitted under paragraph 1 of this article has been

entered:

(a) the bill of lading is prima facie evidence of the taking over or, where

a "shipped" bill of lading is issued, loading, by the carrier of the goods

as described in the bill of lading; and

(b) proof to the contrary by the carrier is not admissible if the bill

of lading has been transferred to a third party, including a consignee,

who in good faith has acted in reliance on the description of the goods

therein.

4. A bill of lading which does not, as provided in paragraph 1,

subparagraph (k), of article 15, set forth the freight or otherwise

indicate that freight is payable by the consignee or does not set forth

demurrage incurred at the port of loading payable by the consignee, is

prima facie evidence that no freight or such demurrage is payable by him.

However, proof to the contrary by the carrier is not admissible when the

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bill of lading has been transferred to a third party, including a consignee,

who in good faith has acted in reliance on the absence in the bill of lading

of any such indication.

Article 17. Guarantees by the shipper

1. The shipper is deemed to have guaranteed to the carrier the accuracy

of particulars relating to the general nature of the goods, their marks,

number, weight and quantity as furnished by him for insertion in the bill

of lading. The shipper must indemnify the carrier against the loss

resulting from inaccuracies in such particulars. The shipper remains

liable even if the bill of lading has been transferred by him. The right

of the carrier to such indemnity in no way limits his liability under the

contract of carriage by sea to any person other than the shipper.

2. Any letter of guarantee or agreement by which the shipper undertakes

to indemnify the carrier against loss resulting from the issuance of the

bill of lading by the carrier, or by a person acting on his behalf, without

entering a reservation relating to particulars furnished by the shipper

for insertion in the bill of lading, or to the apparent condition of the

goods, is void and of no effect as against any third party, including a

consignee, to whom the bill of lading has been transferred.

3. Such a letter of guarantee or agreement is valid as against the shipper

unless the carrier or the person acting on his behalf, by omitting the

reservation referred to in paragraph 2 of this article, intends to defraud

a third party, including a consignee, who acts in reliance on the

description of the goods in the bill of lading. In the latter case, if

the reservation omitted relates to particulars furnished by the shipper

for insertion in the bill of lading, the carrier has no right of indemnity

from the shipper pursuant to paragraph 1 of this article.

4. In the case of intended fraud referred to in paragraph 3 of this article,

the carrier is liable, without the benefit of the limitation of liability

provided for in this Convention, for the loss incurred by a third party,

including a consignee, because he has acted in reliance on the description

of the goods in the bill of lading.

Article 18. Documents other than bills of lading

Where a carrier issues a document other than a bill of lading to evidence

the receipt of the goods to be carried, such a document is prima facie

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evidence of the conclusion of the contract of carriage by sea and the

taking over by the carrier of the goods as therein described.

PART V. CLAIMS AND ACTIONS

Article 19. Notice of loss, damage or delay

1. Unless notice of loss or damage, specifying the general nature of such

loss or damage, is given in writing by the consignee to the carrier not

later than the working day after the day when the goods were handed over

to the consignee, such handing over is prima facie evidence of the delivery

by the carrier of the goods as described in the document of transport or,

if no such document has been issued, in good condition.

2. Where the loss or damage is not apparent, the provisions of paragraph

1 of this article apply correspondingly if notice in writing is not given

within 15 consecutive days after the day when the goods were handed over

to the consignee.

3. If the state of the goods at the time they were handed over to the

consignee has been the subject of a joint survey or inspection by the

parties, notice in writing need not be given of loss or damage ascertained

during such survey or inspection.

4. In the case of any actual or apprehended loss or damage, the carrier

and the consignee must give all reasonable facilities to each other for

inspecting and tallying the goods.

5. No compensation shall be payable for loss resulting from delay in

delivery unless a notice has been given in writing to the carrier within

60 consecutive days after the day when the goods were handed over to the

consignee.

6. If the goods have been delivered by an actual carrier, any notice given

under this article to him shall have the same effect as if it had been

given to the carrier; and any notice given to the carrier shall have effect

as if given to such actual carrier.

7. Unless notice of loss or damage, specifying the general nature of the

loss or damage, is given in writing by the carrier or actual carrier to

the shipper not later than 90 consecutive days after the occurrence of

such loss or damage or after the delivery of the goods in accordance with

paragraph 2 of article 4, whichever is later, the failure to give such

notice is prima facie evidence that the carrier or the actual carrier has

sustained no loss or damage due to the fault or neglect of the shipper,

his servants or agents.

8. For the purpose of this article, notice given to a person acting on

the carriers or the actual carriers behalf, including the master or the

officer in charge of the ship, or to a person acting on the shippers behalf

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is deemed to have been given to the carrier, to the actual carrier or to

the shipper, respectively.

Article 20. Limitation of actions

1. Any action relating to carriage of goods under this Convention is

time-barred if judicial or arbitral proceedings have not been instituted

within a period of two years.

2. The limitation period commences on the day on which the carrier has

delivered the goods or part thereof or, in cases where no goods have been

delivered, on the last day on which the goods should have been delivered.

3. The day on which the limitation period commences is not included in

the period.

4. The person against whom a claim is made may at any time during the

running of the limitation period extend that period by a declaration in

writing to the claimant. This period may be further extended by another

declaration or declarations.

5. An action for indemnity by a person held liable may be instituted even

after the expiration of the limitation period provided for in the

preceding paragraphs if instituted within the time allowed by the law of

the State where proceedings are instituted. However, the time allowed

shall not be less than 90 days commencing from the day when the person

instituting such action for indemnity has settled the claim or has been

served with process in the action against himself.

Article 21. Jurisdiction

1. In judicial proceedings relating to carriage of goods under this

Convention the plaintiff, at his option, may institute an action in a court

which according to the law of the State where the court is situated, is

competent and within the jurisdiction of which is situated one of the

following places:

(a) the principal place of business or, in the absence thereof, the

habitual residence of the defendant; or

(b) the place where the contract was made, provided that the defendant

has there a place of business, branch or agency through which the contract

was made; or

(c) the port of loading or the port of discharge; or

(d) any additional place designated for that purpose in the contract of

carriage by sea.

2. (a) Notwithstanding the preceding provisions of this article, an action

may be instituted in the courts of any port or place in a Contracting State

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at which the carrying vessel or any other vessel of the same ownership

may have been arrested in accordance with applicable rules of the law of

that State and of international law. However, in such a case, at the

petition of the defendant, the claimant must remove the action, at his

choice, to one of the jurisdictions referred to in paragraph 1 of this

article for the determination of the claim, but before such removal the

defendant must furnish security sufficient to ensure payment of any

judgement that may subsequently be awarded to the claimant in the action.

(b) All questions relating to the sufficiency or otherwise of the security

shall be determined by the court of the port or place of the arrest.

3. No judicial proceedings relating to carriage of goods under this

Convention may be instituted in a place not specified in paragraph 1 or

2 of this article. The provisions of this paragraph do not constitute an

obstacle to the jurisdiction of the Contracting States for provisional

or protective measures.

4. (a) Where an action has been instituted in a court competent under

paragraphs 1 or 2 of this article or where judgement has been delivered

by such a court, no new action may be started between the same parties

on the same grounds unless the judgement of the court before which the

first action was instituted is not enforceable in the country in which

the new proceedings are instituted;

(b) For the purpose of this article, the institution of measures with a

view to obtaining enforcement of a judgement is not to be considered as

the starting of a new action;

(c) For the purpose of this article, the removal of an action to a different

court within the same country, or to a court in another country, in

accordance with paragraph 2 (a) of this article, is not to be considered

as the starting of a new action.

5. Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding paragraphs, an

agreement made by the parties, after a claim under the contract of carriage

by sea has arisen, which designates the place where the claimant may

institute an actions, is effective.

Article 22. Arbitration

1. Subject to the provisions of this article, parties may provide by

agreement evidenced in writing that any dispute that may arise relating

to carriage of goods under this Convention shall be referred to

arbitration.

2. Where a charter-party contains a provision that disputes arising

thereunder shall be referred to arbitration and a bill of lading issued

pursuant to the charter-party does not contain special annotation

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providing that such provision shall be binding upon the holder of the bill

of lading, the carrier may not invoke such provision as against a holder

having acquired the bill of lading in good faith.

3. The arbitration proceedings shall, at the option of the claimant, be

instituted at one of the following places:

(a) a place in a State within whose territory is situated:

(i) the principal place of business of the defendant or, in the absence

thereof, the habitual residence of the defendant; or

(ii) the place where the contract was made, provided that the defendant

has there a place of business, branch or agency through which the contract

was made; or

(iii) the port of loading or the port of discharge; or

(b) any place designated for that purpose in the arbitration clause or

agreement.

4. The arbitrator or arbitration tribunal shall apply the rules of this

Convention.

5. The provisions of paragraphs 2 and 4 of this article are deemed to be

part of every arbitration clause or agreement, and any term of such clause

or agreement which is inconsistent therewith is null and void.

6. Nothing in this article affects the validity of an agreement relating

to arbitration made by the parties after the claim under the contract of

carriage by sea has arisen.

PART VI. SUPPLEMENTARY PROVISIONS

Article 23. Contractual stipulations

1. Any stipulation in a contract of carriage by sea, in a bill of lading,

or in any other document evidencing the contract of carriage by sea is

null and void to the extent that it derogates, directly or indirectly,

from the provisions of this Convention. The nullity of such a stipulation

does not affect the validity of the other provisions of the contract or

document of which it forms a part. A clause assigning benefit of insurance

of goods in favour of the carrier, or any similar clause, is null and void.

2. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 1 of this article, a

carrier may increase his responsibilities and obligations under this

Convention.

3. Where a bill of lading or any other document evidencing the contract

of carriage by sea is issued, it must contain a statement that the car,

riage is subject to the provisions of this Convention which nullify any

stipulation derogating therefrom to the detriment of the shipper or the

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consignee.

4. Where the claimant in respect of the goods has incurred loss as a result

of a stipulation which is null and void by virtue of the present article,

or as a result of the omission of the statement referred to in paragraph

3 of this article, the carrier must pay compensation to the extent required

in order to give the claimant compensation in accordance with the

provisions of this Convention for any loss of or damage to the goods as

well as for delay in delivery. The carrier must, in addition, pay

compensation for costs incurred by the claimant for the purpose of

exercising his right, provided that costs incurred in the action where

the foregoing provision is invoked are to be determined in accordance with

the law of the State where proceedings are instituted.

Article 24. General average

1. Nothing in this Convention shall prevent the application of provisions

in the contract of carriage by sea or national law regarding the adjustment

of general average.

2. With the exception of article 20, the provisions of this Convention

relating to the liability of the carrier for loss of or damage to the goods

also determine whether the consignee may refuse contribution in general

average and the liability of the carrier to indemnify the consignee in

respect of any such contribution made or any salvage paid.

Article 25. Other conventions

1. This Convention does not modify the rights or duties of the carrier,

the actual carrier and their servants and agents provided for in

international conventions or national law relating to the limitation of

liability of owners of seagoing ships.

2. The provisions of articles 21 and 22 of this Convention do not prevent

the application of the mandatory provisions of any other multilateral

convention already in force at the date of this Convention relating to

matters dealt with in the said articles, provided that the dispute arises

exclusively between parties having their principal place of business in

States members of such other convention. However, this paragraph does not

affect the application of paragraph 4 of article 22 of this Convention.

3. No liability shall arise under the provisions of this Convention for

damage caused by a nuclear incident if the operator of a nuclear

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installation is liable for such damage:

(a) under either the Paris Convention of 29 July 1960 on Third Party

Liability in the Field of Nuclear Energy as amended by the Additional

Protocol of 28 January 1964, or the Vienna Convention of 21 May 1963 on

Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage, or

(b) by virtue of national law governing the liability for such damage,

provided that such law is in all respects as favourable to persons who

may suffer damage as is either the Paris Convention or the Vienna

Convention.

4. No liability shall arise under the provisions of this Convention for

any loss of or damage to or delay in delivery of luggage for which the

carrier is responsible under any international convention or national law

relating to the carriage of passengers and their luggage by sea.

5. Nothing contained in this Convention prevents a Contracting State from

applying any other international convention which is already in force at

the date of this Convention and which applies mandatorily to contracts

of carriage of goods primarily by a mode of transport other than transport

by sea. This provision also applies to any subsequent revision or

amendment of such international convention.

Article 26. Unit of account

1. The unit of account referred to in article 6 of this Convention is the

special drawing right as defined by the International Monetary Fund. The

amounts mentioned in article 6 are to be converted into the national

currency of a State according to the value of such currency at the date

of judgement or the date agreed upon by the parties. The value of a national

currency, in terms of the special drawing right, of a Contracting State

which is a member of the International Monetary Fund is to be calculated

in accordance with the method of valuation applied by the International

Monetary Fund in effect at the date in question for its operations and

transactions. The value of a national currency, in terms of the special

drawing right, of a Contracting State which is not a member of the

International Monetary Fund is to be calculated in a manner determined

by that State.

2. Nevertheless, those States which are not members of the International

Monetary Fund and whose law does not permit the application of the

provisions of paragraph 1 of this article may, at the time of signature,

or at the time of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession or at

any time thereafter, declare that the limits of liability provided for

in this Convention to be applied in their territories shall be fixed as

12,500 monetary units per package or other shipping unit or 37.5 monetary

units per kilogram of gross weight of the goods.

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3. The monetary unit referred to in paragraph 2 of this article corresponds

to sixty-five and a half milligrams of gold of millesimal fineness nine

hundred. The conversion of the amounts referred to in paragraph 2 into

the national currency is to be made according to the law of the State

concerned.

4. The calculation mentioned in the last sentence of paragraph 1 and the

conversion mentioned in paragraph 3 of this article is to be made in such

a manner as to express in the national currency of the Contracting State

as far as possible the same real value for the amounts in article 6 as

is expressed there in units of account. Contracting States must

communicate to the depositary the manner of calculation pursuant to

paragraph 1 of this article, or the result of the conversion mentioned

in paragraph 3 of this article, as the case may be, at the time of signature

or when depositing their instruments of ratification, acceptance,

approval or accession, or when availing themselves of the option provided

for in paragraph 2 of this article and whenever there is a change in the

manner of such calculation or in the result of such conversion.

PART VII. FINAL CLAUSES

Article 27. Depositary

The Secretary-General of the United Nations is hereby designated as the

depositary of this Convention.

Article 28. Signature, Ratification, Acceptance, Approval, Accession

1. This Convention is open for signature by all States until 30 April 1979

at the Headquarters of the United Nations, New York.

2. This Convention is subject to ratification, acceptance or approval by

the signatory States.

3. After 30 April 1979, this Convention will be open for accession by all

States which are not signatory States.

4. Instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval and accession are

to be deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations.

Article 29. Reservations

No reservations may be made to this Convention.

Article 30. Entry into force

1. This Convention enters into force on the first day of the month

following the expiration of one year from the date of deposit of the

twentieth instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession.

2. For each State which becomes a Contracting State to this Convention

after the date of the deposit of the twentieth instrument of ratification,

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acceptance, approval or accession, this Convention enters into force on

the first day of the month following the expiration of one year after the

deposit of the appropriate instrument on behalf of that State.

3. Each Contracting State shall apply the provisions of this Convention

to contracts of carriage by sea concluded on or after the date of the entry

into force of this Convention in respect of that State.

Article 31. Denunciation of other conventions

1. Upon becoming a Contracting State to this Convention, any State Party

to the International Convention for the Unification of certain Rules

relating to Bills of Lading signed at Brussels on 25 August 1924 (1924

Convention) must notify the Government of Belgium as the depositary of

the 1924 Convention of its denunciation of the said Convention with a

declaration that the denunciation is to take effect as from the date when

this Convention enters into force in respect of that State.

2. Upon the entry into force of this Convention under paragraph 1 of

article 30, the depositary of this Convention must notify the Government

of Belgium as the depositary of the 1924 Convention of the date of such

entry into force, and of the names of the Contracting States in respect

of which the Convention has entered into force.

3. The provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2 of this article apply

correspondingly in respect of States Parties to the Protocol signed on

23 February 1968 to amend the International Convention for the Unification

of certain Rules relating to Bills of Lading signed at Brussels on 25

August 1924.

4. Notwithstanding article 2 of this Convention, for the purposes of

paragraph 1 of this article, a Contracting State may, if it deems it

desirable, defer the denunciation of the 1924 Convention and of the 1924

Convention as modified by the 1968 Protocol for a maximum period of five

years from the entry into force of this Convention. It will then notify

the Government of Belgium of its intention. During this transitory period,

it must apply to the Contracting States this Convention to the exclusion

of any other one.

Article 32. Revision and amendment

1. At the request of not less than one third of the Contracting States

to this Convention, the depositary shall convene a conference of the

Contracting States for revising or amending it.

2. Any instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession

deposited after the entry into force of an amendment to this Convention

is deemed to apply to the Convention as amended.

Article 33. Revision of the limitation amounts and unit of account or

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monetary unit

1. Notwithstanding the provisions of article 32, a conference only for

the purpose of altering the amount specified in article 6 and paragraph

2 of article 26, or of substituting either or both of the units defined

in paragraphs 1 and 3 of article 26 by other units is to be convened by

the depositary in accordance with paragraph 2 of this article. An

alteration of the amounts shall be made only because of a significant

change in their real value.

2. A revision conference is to be convened by the depositary when not less

than one fourth of the Contracting States so request.

3. Any decision by the conference must be taken by a two-thirds majority

of the participating States. The amendment is communicated by the

depositary to all the Contracting States for acceptance and to all the

States signatories of the Convention for information.

4. Any amendment adopted enters into force on the first day of the month

following one year after its acceptance by two thirds of the Contracting

States. Acceptance is to be effected by the deposit of a formal instrument

to that effect with the depositary.

5. After entry into force of an amendment a Contracting State which has

accepted the amendment is entitled to apply the Convention as amended in

its relations with Contracting States which have not within six months

after the adoption of the amendment notified the depositary that they are

not bound by the amendment.

6. Any instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession

deposited after the entry into force of an amendment to this Convention

is deemed to apply to the Convention as amended.

Article 34. Denunciation

1. A Contracting State may denounce this Convention at any time by means

of a notification in writing addressed to the depositary.

2. The denunciation takes effect on the first day of the month following

the expiration of one year after the notification is received by the

depositary. Where a longer period is specified in the notification, the

denunciation takes effect upon the expiration of such longer period after

the notification is received by the depositary.

Done at Hamburg, this thirty-first day of March, one thousand nine hundred

and seventy-eight, in a single original, of which the Arabic, Chinese,

English, French, Russian and Spanish texts are equally authentic.

目 錄

章 第一章  總則....................................................................................................................................................1

第一條 定義................................................................................................................................................1

第二條 本公約的解釋................................................................................................................................3

第三條 形式要求........................................................................................................................................3

第四條 抗辯和賠償責任限制的適用........................................................................................................3

章 第二章  適用范圍............................................................................................................................................4

第五條 一般適用范圍................................................................................................................................4

第六條 特定除外情形................................................................................................................................4

第七條 對某些當事人的適用....................................................................................................................4

章 第三章  電子運輸記錄....................................................................................................................................4

第八條 電子運輸記錄的使用和效力........................................................................................................4

第九條 可轉讓電子運輸記錄的使用程序................................................................................................5

第十條 可轉讓運輸單證或可轉讓電子運輸記錄的替換........................................................................5

章 第四章  承運人的義務....................................................................................................................................5

第十一條 貨物的運輸和交付....................................................................................................................5

第十二條 承運人的責任期........................................................................................................................5

第十三條 特定義務....................................................................................................................................6

第十四條 適用于海上航程的特定義務....................................................................................................6

第十五條 可能形成危險的貨物................................................................................................................6

第十六條 海上航程期間犧牲貨物............................................................................................................6

章 第五章  承運人對滅失、損壞或遲延所負的賠償責任................................................................................7

第十七條 賠償責任基礎............................................................................................................................7

第十八條 承運人為其他人負賠償責任....................................................................................................8

第十九條 海運履約方的賠償責任............................................................................................................8

第二十條 連帶賠償責任............................................................................................................................8

第二十一條 遲延........................................................................................................................................9

第二十二條 賠償額的計算........................................................................................................................9

第二十三條 發生滅失、損壞或遲延時的通知........................................................................................9

章 第六章  有關特定運輸階段的補充條款........................................................................................................9

第二十四條 繞航........................................................................................................................................9

第二十五條 船舶上的艙面貨..................................................................................................................10

第二十六條 海上運輸之前或之后的運輸..............................................................................................10

章 第七章  托運人對承運人的義務..................................................................................................................10

第二十七條 交付運輸..............................................................................................................................10

第二十八條 托運人與承運人在提供信息和指示方面的合作..............................................................11

第二十九條 托運人提供信息、指示和文件的義務..............................................................................11

第三十條 托運人對承運人賠償責任的基礎..........................................................................................11

第三十一條 擬定合同事項所需要的信息..............................................................................................11

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第三十二條 危險貨物特別規則..............................................................................................................11

第三十三條 單證托運人享有托運人的權利并承擔其義務..................................................................12

第三十四條 托運人為其他人負賠償責任..............................................................................................12

章 第八章  運輸單證和電子運輸記錄..............................................................................................................12

第三十五條 運輸單證或電子運輸記錄的簽發......................................................................................12

第三十六條 合同事項..............................................................................................................................12

第三十七條 承運人的識別......................................................................................................................13

第三十八條 簽名......................................................................................................................................13

第三十九條 合同事項不完備..................................................................................................................13

第四十條 對合同事項中貨物相關信息作出保留..................................................................................14

第四十一條 合同事項的證據效力..........................................................................................................14

第四十二條 “預付運費”......................................................................................................................15

章 第九章  貨物交付..........................................................................................................................................15

第四十三條 接受交貨的義務..................................................................................................................15

第四十四條 確認收到的義務..................................................................................................................15

第四十五條 未簽發可轉讓運輸單證或 可轉讓電子運輸記錄時的交付............................................15

第四十六條 簽發必須提交的不可轉讓運輸單證時的交付..................................................................16

第四十七條 簽發可轉讓運輸單證或 可轉讓電子運輸記錄時的交付................................................16

第四十八條 貨物仍未交付......................................................................................................................17

第四十九條 貨物留置..............................................................................................................................18

章 第十章  控制方的權利..................................................................................................................................18

第五十條 控制權的行使和范圍..............................................................................................................18

第五十一條 控制方的識別和控制權的轉讓..........................................................................................18

第五十二條 承運人執行指示..................................................................................................................19

第五十三條 視為交貨..............................................................................................................................19

第五十四條 運輸合同的變更..................................................................................................................19

第五十五條 向承運人提供補充信息、指示或文件..............................................................................20

第五十六條 協議變更..............................................................................................................................20

章 第十一章  權利轉讓......................................................................................................................................20

第五十七條 簽發可轉讓運輸單證或可轉讓電子運輸記錄..................................................................20

第五十八條 持有人的賠償責任..............................................................................................................20

章 第十二章  賠償責任限額..............................................................................................................................21

第五十九條 賠償責任限額......................................................................................................................21

第六十條 遲延造成損失的賠償責任限額..............................................................................................21

第六十一條 賠償責任限制權的喪失......................................................................................................21

章 第十三章  時效..............................................................................................................................................21

第六十二條 時效期..................................................................................................................................21

第六十三條 時效的延長..........................................................................................................................22

第六十四條 追償訴訟..............................................................................................................................22

第六十五條 對被識別為承運人的人的訴訟..........................................................................................22

章 第十四章  管轄權..........................................................................................................................................22

第六十六條 對承運人的訴訟..................................................................................................................22

第六十七條 法院選擇協議......................................................................................................................23

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第六十八條 對海運履約方的訴訟..........................................................................................................23

第六十九條 不另增管轄權地..................................................................................................................23

第七十條 扣留以及臨時措施或保全措施..............................................................................................23

第七十一條 訴訟合并和移轉..................................................................................................................23

第七十二條 爭議產生后的協議和被告應訴時的管轄權......................................................................24

第七十三條 承認和執行..........................................................................................................................24

第七十四條 第十四章的適用..................................................................................................................24

章 第十五章  仲裁..............................................................................................................................................24

第七十五條 仲裁協議..............................................................................................................................24

第七十六條 非班輪運輸中的仲裁協議..................................................................................................25

第七十七條 爭議產生后的仲裁協議......................................................................................................25

第七十八條 第十五章的適用..................................................................................................................25

章 第十六章  合同條款的有效性......................................................................................................................25

第七十九條 一般規定..............................................................................................................................25

第八十條 批量合同特別規則..................................................................................................................26

第八十一條 活動物和某些其他貨物特別規則......................................................................................26

章 第十七章  本公約不管轄的事項..................................................................................................................27

第八十二條 管轄其他運輸方式貨物運輸的國際公約..........................................................................27

第八十三條 賠償責任總限制..................................................................................................................27

第八十四條 共同海損..............................................................................................................................27

第八十五條 旅客和行李..........................................................................................................................27

第八十六條 核事故造成的損害..............................................................................................................27

章 第十八章  最后條款......................................................................................................................................28

第八十七條 保存人..................................................................................................................................28

第八十八條 簽署、批準、接受、核準或加入......................................................................................28

第八十九條 退出其他公約......................................................................................................................28

第九十條 保留..........................................................................................................................................28

第九十一條 聲明的程序和效力..............................................................................................................28

第九十二條 對本國領土單位的效力......................................................................................................29

第九十三條 區域經濟一體化組織的參與..............................................................................................29

第九十四條 生效......................................................................................................................................29

第九十五條 修訂和修正..........................................................................................................................30

第九十六條 退出本公約..........................................................................................................................30

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聯合國全程或部分海上國際貨物運輸合同公約 第 7 頁 共 36 頁

聯合國全程或部分海上國際貨物運輸合同公約

本公約締約國，

重申相信在平等互利基礎上發展國際貿易是促進各國之間友好關系的一個重要因素，

深信通過逐步協調統一國際貿易法，減少、消除國際貿易流通法律障礙，將大大促進所有

國家在平等、公平和共同利益基礎上的普遍經濟合作，造福于各國人民，

承認1924年8月25日在布魯塞爾簽署的《統一提單若干法律規則國際公約》及其各項議定書

以及1978年3月31日在漢堡簽署的《聯合國海上貨物運輸公約》對協調海上貨物運輸法律的顯著

貢獻，

考慮到自這兩項公約通過以來的技術和商業發展以及整合和更新這兩項公約進行的必要

性，

注意到托運人和承運人無法利用一個有約束力的普遍性制度支持涉及其他運輸方式的海上

運輸合同的運作，

相信采用統一規則，對全程或部分海上國際運輸合同進行規范，將促進法律確定性，提高

國際貨物運輸效率，便利過去相距遙遠的當事人和市場獲得新的準入機會，從而對促進國內、

國際貿易和經濟發展發揮極其重要的作用，

茲商定如下：

章 第一章  總則

條 第一條  定義

在本公約中：

一、“運輸合同”是指承運人收取運費，承諾將貨物從一地運至另一地的合同。此種合同

應對海上運輸作出規定，且可以對海上運輸以外的其他運輸方式作出規定。

二、“批量合同”是指在約定期間內分批裝運特定數量貨物的運輸合同。貨物數量可以是

最低數量、最高數量或一定范圍的數量。

三、“班輪運輸”是指通過公告或類似方式向公眾提供、按照公布船期表使用船舶在特定

港口之間定期運營的運輸服務。

四、“非班輪運輸”是指不屬于班輪運輸的任何運輸。

五、“承運人”是指與托運人訂立運輸合同的人。

六、㈠ “履約方”是指承運人以外的，履行或承諾履行承運人在運輸合同下有關貨物接收、

裝載、操作、積載、運輸、照料、卸載或交付的任何義務的人，以該人直接或間接在承運人的

要求、監督或控制下行事為限。

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㈡ “履約方”不包括不由承運人而由托運人、單證托運人、控制方或收貨人直接或間接委

托的任何人。

七、“海運履約方”是指凡在貨物到達船舶裝貨港至貨物離開船舶卸貨港期間履行或承諾

履行承運人任何義務的履約方。內陸承運人僅在履行或承諾履行其完全在港區范圍內的服務時

方為海運履約方。

八、“托運人”是指與承運人訂立運輸合同的人。

九、“單證托運人”是指托運人以外的，同意在運輸單證或電子運輸記錄中記名為“托運

人”的人。

十、“持有人”：

㈠ 指持有可轉讓運輸單證的人；以及1. 若單證為指示單證，指該單證所載明的托運人或

收貨人，或該妥善背書的單證所指明的人；或2. 若單證為空白背書的指示單證或不記名單證，

指該單證的持單人；或

㈡ 指根據第九條第一款述及的程序可轉讓電子運輸記錄的接收人或受讓人。

十一、“收貨人”是指根據運輸合同或根據運輸單證或電子運輸記錄有提貨權的人。

十二、貨物“控制權”是指根據第十章按運輸合同向承運人發出有關貨物的指示的權利。

十三、“控制方”是指根據第五十一條有權行使控制權的人。

十四、“運輸單證”是指承運人按運輸合同簽發的單證，該單證：

㈠ 證明承運人或履約方已按運輸合同收到貨物；并且

㈡ 證明或包含一項運輸合同。

十五、“可轉讓運輸單證”是指一種運輸單證，通過“憑指示”或“可轉讓”之類的措詞，

或通過該單證所適用的法律承認具有同等效力的其他適當措詞，表明貨物按照托運人的指示或

收貨人的指示交付，或已交付給持單人，且未明示注明其為“不可轉讓”或“不得轉讓”。

十六、“不可轉讓運輸單證”是指不是可轉讓運輸單證的運輸單證。

十七、“電子通信”是指以電子、光學、數碼或類似方式生成、發送、接收或存儲的信息，

通信內容可供調閱，隨后可參考取用。

十八、“電子運輸記錄”是指承運人按運輸合同以電子通信方式發出的一條或數條電文中

的信息，包括作為附件與電子運輸記錄有著邏輯聯系的信息，或在承運人簽發電子運輸記錄的

同時或之后以其他方式與之有聯系從而成為電子運輸記錄一部分的信息，該信息：

㈠ 證明承運人或履約方已按運輸合同收到貨物；并且

㈡ 證明或包含一項運輸合同。

十九、“可轉讓電子運輸記錄”是指一種電子運輸記錄：

㈠ 其中通過“憑指示”或“可轉讓”之類的措詞，或通過該記錄所適用的法律承認具有同

等效力的其他適當措詞，表明貨物已按照托運人的指示或收貨人的指示交付，且未明示注明其

為“不可轉讓”或“不得轉讓”，并且

㈡ 其使用符合第九條第一款要求。

二十、“不可轉讓電子運輸記錄”是指不是可轉讓電子運輸記錄的電子運輸記錄。

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二十一、“簽發”可轉讓電子運輸記錄，是指按照確保該記錄自生成至失去效力處于排他

性控制之下的程序簽發記錄。

二十二、“轉讓”可轉讓電子運輸記錄，是指轉讓對該記錄的排他性控制。

二十三、“合同事項”是指運輸單證或電子運輸記錄中載明的與運輸合同或與貨物有關的

任何信息(包括條款、批注、簽名和背書)。

二十四、“貨物”是指承運人根據運輸合同承運的任何種類的制品、商品和物件，包括不

是由承運人或不是以承運人名義提供的包裝以及任何設備和集裝箱。

二十五、“船舶”是指用于海上貨物運輸的任何船只。

二十六、“集裝箱”是指任何型號的集裝箱、運輸罐柜或板架、交換式車廂、或拼裝貨物

的任何類似貨載單元及其附加設備。

二十七、“車輛”是指公路或鐵路貨運車輛。

二十八、“運費”是指應向承運人支付根據運輸合同運輸貨物的報酬。

二十九、“住所”是指㈠ 公司、其他法人、自然人社團或法人社團的下列所在地：1. 法

定處所或組建地，或注冊的中心辦事處，以適用者為準，2. 中心行政管理機構，或3. 主要營

業地；及㈡ 自然人的慣常居住地。

三十、“管轄法院”是指一締約國內，根據本國法院之間管轄權內部劃分規則可以對某一

爭議行使管轄權的法院。

條 第二條  本公約的解釋

在解釋本公約時，應當考慮到本公約的國際性，考慮到促進在國際貿易中統一適用本公約

和遵守誠信的需要。

條 第三條  形式要求

第十九條第二款、第二十三條第一款至第四款、第三十六條第一款第二項、第三項和第四

項、第四十條第四款第二項、第四十四條、第四十八條第三款、第五十一條第一款第二項、第

五十九條第一款、第六十三條、第六十六條、第六十七條第二款、第七十五條第四款以及第八

十條第二款和第五款述及的通知、確認、同意、約定、聲明和其他通信應當采用書面形式。經

收發人同意的，可以為此目的使用電子通信。

條 第四條  抗辯和賠償責任限制的適用

一、本公約的規定，凡可為承運人提供抗辯或限制其賠償責任的，適用于以合同、侵權行

為或其他理由為依據就運輸合同所涉貨物的滅失、損壞或遲延交付或就違反本公約規定的其他

任何義務對下列人提起的任何司法程序或仲裁程序：

㈠ 承運人或海運履約方；

㈡ 船長、船員或在船上履行服務的其他任何人；或

㈢ 承運人或海運履約方的受雇人。

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二、本公約的規定，凡可為托運人或單證托運人提供抗辯的，適用于以合同、侵權行為或

其他理由為依據對托運人、單證托運人或其分合同人、代理人或受雇人提起的任何司法程序或

仲裁程序。

章 第二章  適用范圍

條 第五條  一般適用范圍

一、除須遵循第六條的規定外，本公約適用于收貨地和交貨地位于不同國家且海上運輸裝

貨港和同一海上運輸卸貨港位于不同國家的運輸合同，條件是運輸合同約定以下地點之一位于

一締約國：

㈠ 收貨地；

㈡ 裝貨港；

㈢ 交貨地；或

㈣ 卸貨港。

二、本公約的適用不考慮船舶、承運人、履約方、托運人、收貨人或其他任何有關方的國

籍。

條 第六條  特定除外情形

一、本公約不適用于班輪運輸中的下列合同：

㈠ 租船合同；和

㈡ 使用船舶或其中任何艙位的其他合同。

二、本公約不適用于非班輪運輸中的運輸合同，但下列情形除外：

㈠ 當事人之間不存在使用船舶或其中任何艙位的租船合同或其他合同；并且

㈡ 運輸單證或電子運輸記錄已簽發。

條 第七條  對某些當事人的適用

雖有第六條的規定，如果收貨人、控制方或持有人不是被排除在本公約適用范圍之外的租

船合同或其他運輸合同的原始當事人，本公約仍然在承運人與此等當事人之間適用。但是，如

果當事人是根據第六條被排除在外的運輸合同的原始當事人，本公約在此等原始當事人之間不

適用。

章 第三章  電子運輸記錄

條 第八條  電子運輸記錄的使用和效力

在不違反本公約所述要求的情況下：

㈠ 凡根據本公約應在運輸單證上載明的內容，均可在電子運輸記錄中加以記載，但電子運

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輸記錄的簽發和隨后的使用須得到承運人和托運人的同意；并且

㈡ 電子運輸記錄的簽發、排他性控制或轉讓，與運輸單證的簽發、占有或轉讓具有同等效

力。

條 第九條  可轉讓電子運輸記錄的使用程序

一、使用可轉讓電子運輸記錄，應當遵守包含以下內容的程序：

㈠ 向預期持有人簽發和轉讓可轉讓電子運輸記錄的方法；

㈡ 可轉讓電子運輸記錄保持完整性的保證；

㈢ 持有人能夠證明其持有人身份的方式；和

㈣ 已向持有人交付貨物的確認方式，或根據第十條第二款或第四十七條第一款第一項第2

目和第三項，可轉讓電子運輸記錄已失去效力的確認方式。

二、本條第一款中的程序應當在合同事項中載明且易于查核。

條 第十條  可轉讓運輸單證或可轉讓電子運輸記錄的替換

一、如果可轉讓運輸單證已簽發，且承運人與持有人約定以可轉讓電子運輸記錄替換該運

輸單證：

㈠ 持有人應向承運人移交該可轉讓運輸單證，若簽發的單證不止一份，應移交所有單證；

㈡ 承運人應向持有人簽發可轉讓電子運輸紀錄，其中應包括一項替換該運輸單證的聲明；

并且

㈢ 該運輸單證隨即失去效力。

二、如果可轉讓電子運輸記錄已簽發，且承運人與持有人約定以可轉讓運輸單證替換該電

子運輸記錄：

㈠ 承運人應向持有人簽發替換該電子運輸記錄的可轉讓運輸單證，其中應包括一項替換該

電子運輸記錄的聲明；并且

㈡ 該電子運輸記錄隨即失去效力。

章 第四章  承運人的義務

條 第十一條  貨物的運輸和交付

承運人應根據本公約，按照運輸合同的條款將貨物運至目的地并交給收貨人。

條 第十二條  承運人的責任期

一、承運人根據本公約對貨物的責任期，自承運人或履約方為運輸而接收貨物時開始，至

貨物交付時終止。

二、㈠ 收貨地的法律或條例要求將貨物交給某當局或其他第三方，承運人可以從該當局或

該其他第三方提取貨物的，承運人的責任期自承運人從該當局或從該其他第三方提取貨物時開

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始。

㈡ 交貨地的法律或條例要求將貨物交給某當局或其他第三方，收貨人可以從該當局或該其

他第三方提取貨物的，承運人的責任期至承運人將貨物交給該當局或該其他第三方時終止。

三、為確定承運人的責任期，各當事人可以約定接收和交付貨物的時間和地點，但運輸合

同條款作下述規定的即為無效：

㈠ 接收貨物的時間是在根據運輸合同開始最初裝貨之后；或

㈡ 交付貨物的時間是在根據運輸合同完成最后卸貨之前。

條 第十三條  特定義務

一、在第十二條規定的責任期內，除須遵循第二十六條的規定外，承運人應妥善而謹慎地

接收、裝載、操作、積載、運輸、保管、照料、卸載并交付貨物。

二、雖有本條第一款規定，在不影響第四章其他規定以及第五章至第七章規定的情況下，

承運人與托運人可以約定由托運人、單證托運人或收貨人裝載、操作、積載或卸載貨物。此種

約定應在合同事項中載明。

條 第十四條  適用于海上航程的特定義務

承運人必須在開航前、開航當時和海上航程中恪盡職守：

㈠ 使船舶處于且保持適航狀態；

㈡ 妥善配備船員、裝備船舶和補給供應品，且在整個航程中保持此種配備、裝備和補給；

并且

㈢ 使貨艙、船舶所有其他載貨處所和由承運人提供的載貨集裝箱適于且能安全接收、運輸

和保管貨物，且保持此種狀態。

條 第十五條  可能形成危險的貨物

雖有第十一條和第十三條規定，如果在承運人責任期內貨物可能或有理由認為似乎可能對

人身、財產或環境形成實際危險，承運人或履約方可以拒絕接收或裝載貨物，且可以采取包括

將貨物卸下、銷毀或使之不能致害等其他合理措施。

條 第十六條  海上航程期間犧牲貨物

雖有第十一條、第十三條和第十四條規定，承運人或履約方仍可以在海上犧牲貨物，但應

是為了共同安全，或是為了保全同一航程中人命或其他財產，使之免遭危險而合理作出此種犧

牲。

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章 第五章  承運人對滅失、損壞或遲延所負的賠償責任

條 第十七條  賠償責任基礎

一、如果索賠人證明，貨物滅失、損壞或遲延交付，或造成、促成了滅失、損壞或遲延交

付的事件或情形是在第四章規定的承運人責任期內發生的，承運人應對貨物滅失、損壞和遲延

交付負賠償責任。

二、如果承運人證明，滅失、損壞或遲延交付的原因或原因之一不能歸責于承運人本人的

過失或第十八條述及的任何人的過失，可免除承運人根據本條第一款所負的全部或部分賠償責

任。

三、除證明不存在本條第二款所述的過失之外，如果承運人證明下列一種或數種事件或情

形造成、促成了滅失、損壞或遲延交付，也可免除承運人根據本條第一款規定所負的全部或部

分賠償責任：

㈠ 天災；

㈡ 海上或其他通航水域的風險、危險和事故；

㈢ 戰爭、敵對行動、武裝沖突、海盜、恐怖活動、暴亂和內亂；

㈣ 檢疫限制；政府、公共當局、統治者或民眾的干涉或造成的障礙，包括非由承運人或第

十八條述及的任何人所造成的滯留、扣留或扣押；

㈤ 罷工、關廠、停工或勞動受限；

㈥ 船上發生火災；

㈦ 雖恪盡職守仍無法發現的潛在缺陷；

㈧ 托運人、單證托運人、控制方或根據第三十三條或第三十四條托運人或單證托運人對其

作為承擔責任的其他任何人的作為或不作為；

㈨ 按照第十三條第二款所述及的約定進行的貨物裝載、操作、積載或卸載，除非承運人或

履約方代表托運人、單證托運人或收貨人實施此項活動；

㈩ 由于貨物固有缺陷、品質或瑕疵而造成的數量或重量損耗或其他任何滅失或損壞；

(十一) 非由承運人或代其行事的人所做包裝不良或標志欠缺、不清；

(十二) 海上救助或試圖救助人命；

(十三) 海上救助或試圖救助財產的合理措施；

(十四) 避免或試圖避免對環境造成危害的合理措施；或

(十五) 承運人根據第十五條和第十六條所賦權利的作為。

四、雖有本條第三款規定，有下列情形之一的，承運人仍應對滅失、損壞或遲延交付的全

部或部分負賠償責任：

㈠ 索賠人證明，承運人或第十八條述及的人的過失造成、促成了承運人所依據的事件或情

形；或

㈡ 索賠人證明，本條第三款所列事件或情形以外的事件或情形促成了滅失、損壞或遲延交

付，且承運人無法證明，該事件或情形既不能歸責于其本人的過失，也不能歸責于第十八條述

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及的任何人的過失。

五、雖有本條第三款規定，在下列情況下，承運人還應對滅失、損壞或遲延交付的全部或

部分負賠償責任：

㈠ 索賠人證明，造成或可能造成或促成滅失、損壞或遲延交付的原因是：1. 船舶不適航；

2. 配備船員、裝備船舶和補給供應品不當；或3.貨艙、船舶其他載貨處所或由承運人提供的載

貨集裝箱不適于且不能安全接收、運輸和保管貨物；并且

㈡ 承運人無法證明：1. 本條第五款第一項述及的任何事件或情形未造成滅失、損壞或遲

延交付；或2. 承運人已遵守第十四條規定的恪盡職守的義務。

六、承運人根據本條規定被免除部分賠償責任的，承運人僅對根據本條應由其負賠償責任

的事件或情形所造成的那部分滅失、損壞或遲延交付負賠償責任。

條 第十八條  承運人為其他人負賠償責任

如果下列人的作為或不作為違反本公約對承運人規定的義務，承運人應負賠償責任：

㈠ 任何履約方；

㈡ 船長或船員；

㈢ 承運人的受雇人或履約方的受雇人；或

㈣ 履行或承諾履行運輸合同規定的承運人義務的其他任何人，以該人按照承運人的要求，

或在承運人的監督或控制下直接或間接作為為限。

條 第十九條  海運履約方的賠償責任

一、符合下列條件的，海運履約方必須承擔本公約對承運人規定的義務和賠償責任，且有

權享有本公約對承運人規定的抗辯和賠償責任限制：

㈠ 海運履約方在一締約國為運輸而接收了貨物或在一締約國交付了貨物，或在一締約國某

一港口履行了與貨物有關的各種活動；并且

㈡ 造成滅失、損壞或遲延交付的事件發生在：1. 貨物到達船舶裝貨港至貨物離開船舶卸

貨港的期間內；2. 貨物在海運履約方掌管期間；或3. 海運履約方參與履行運輸合同所載列任

何活動的其他任何時間內。

二、承運人約定在本公約對其規定的義務范圍之外承擔義務的，或約定其賠償責任限額高

于本公約所規定的限額的，海運履約方不受該約定的約束，除非海運履約方明示約定接受該義

務或該更高限額。

三、符合本條第一款所列條件的，對于受海運履約方委托履行運輸合同約定的承運人義務

的人違反本公約對海運履約方規定的義務的作為或不作為，海運履約方負賠償責任。

四、本公約規定概不要求船長或船員、承運人的受雇人或海運履約方的受雇人負賠償責任。

條 第二十條  連帶賠償責任

一、對于貨物滅失、損壞或遲延交付，承運人和一個或數個海運履約方均負有賠償責任的，

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其賠償責任為連帶責任，但僅限于本公約所規定的限額。

二、在不影響第六十一條的情況下，上述所有人的累計賠償責任不得超過本公約所規定的

賠償責任總限額。

條 第二十一條  遲延

未在約定時間內在運輸合同約定的目的地交付貨物，為遲延交付。

條 第二十二條  賠償額的計算

一、除須遵循第五十九條的規定外，承運人對貨物滅失或損壞應支付的賠償額，參照貨物

在根據第四十三條確定的交貨地和交貨時間的價值計算。

二、貨物的價值根據商品交易價格確定，無此種價格的，根據其市場價格確定，既無商品

交易價格又無市場價格的，參照交貨地同種類和同品質貨物的通常價值確定。

三、貨物發生滅失或損壞的，承運人對超出本條第一款和第二款所規定的賠償額不負任何

賠償責任，除非承運人與托運人在第十六章的限度內約定了賠償額的不同計算方法。

條 第二十三條  發生滅失、損壞或遲延時的通知

一、除非已在交貨前或交貨時，或在滅失或損壞不明顯的情況下，在交貨后交貨地的七個

工作日內向承運人或向實際交付貨物的履約方提交了表明此種滅失或損壞一般性質的貨物滅失

或損壞通知，否則，在無相反證據的情況下，推定承運人已按照合同事項中有關貨物的記載交

付了貨物。

二、未向承運人或履約方提交本條述及的通知，不得影響根據本公約對貨物滅失或損壞索

賠的權利，也不得影響第十七條所規定的舉證責任分擔。

三、被交付貨物的人與承運人或與當時被要求承擔賠償責任的海運履約方對貨物進行了聯

合檢驗的，無須就聯合檢驗所查明的滅失或損壞提交本條述及的通知。

四、除非在交貨后二十一個連續日內向承運人提交了遲延造成損失的通知，否則無須就遲

延支付任何賠償金。

五、向實際交付貨物的履約方提交本條述及的通知，與向承運人提交該通知具有同等效力；

向承運人提交通知，與向海運履約方提交通知具有同等效力。

六、對于任何實際發生的或預想發生的滅失或損壞，爭議各方當事人應為檢驗和清點貨物

相互提供一切合理便利，且應為查詢有關貨物運輸的記錄和單證提供機會。

章 第六章  有關特定運輸階段的補充條款

條 第二十四條  繞航

如果繞航根據適用的法律構成違反承運人義務，承運人或海運履約方不得因此被剝奪本公

約為其提供的任何抗辯或賠償責任限制，但第六十一條規定的情形除外。

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條 第二十五條  船舶上的艙面貨

一、在船舶艙面上載運貨物，只能限于下列情形：

㈠ 根據法律的要求進行此種運輸；

㈡ 貨物載于適合艙面運輸的集裝箱內或車輛內，而艙面專門適于載運此類集裝箱或車輛；

或

㈢ 艙面運輸符合運輸合同或相關行業的習慣、慣例或做法。

二、本公約有關承運人賠償責任的規定，適用于根據本條第一款在艙面上載運的貨物的滅

失、損壞或遲延交付，但根據本條第一款第一項或第三項載運貨物的，對于艙面載運貨物涉及

的特殊風險所造成的貨物滅失、損壞或遲延交付，承運人不負賠償責任。

三、在艙面上載運貨物，不是本條第一款所準許的情形的，對于完全由于艙面載運貨物所

造成的貨物滅失、損壞或遲延交付，承運人負賠償責任，且無權享有第十七條規定的抗辯。

四、第三方已善意取得可轉讓運輸單證或可轉讓電子運輸記錄的，承運人無權對其援用本

條第一款第三項的規定，除非合同事項載明可以在艙面上載運貨物。

五、承運人與托運人明確約定貨物將載于艙內的，如果貨物載于艙面造成任何滅失、損壞

或遲延交付，對于此種滅失、損壞或遲延交付，承運人無權享有限制賠償責任的利益。

條 第二十六條  海上運輸之前或之后的運輸

如果貨物滅失、損壞或造成遲延交付的事件或情形發生在承運人的責任期內，但發生的時

間僅在貨物裝上船舶之前或僅在貨物卸離船舶之后，本公約的規定不得優先于另一國際文書的

下述條文，在此種滅失、損壞或造成遲延交付的事件或情形發生時：

㈠ 根據該國際文書的規定，如果托運人已就發生貨物滅失、損壞或造成貨物遲延交付的事

件或情形的特定運輸階段與承運人訂有單獨和直接的合同，本應適用于承運人全部活動或任何

活動的條文；

㈡ 就承運人的賠償責任、賠償責任限制或時效作了具體規定的條文；和

㈢ 根據該文書，完全不能通過訂立合同加以背離的條文，或不能在損害托運人利益的情況

下通過訂立合同加以背離的條文。

章 第七章  托運人對承運人的義務

條 第二十七條  交付運輸

一、除非運輸合同另有約定，否則托運人應交付備妥待運的貨物。在任何情況下，托運人

交付的貨物應處于能夠承受住預定運輸的狀態，包括貨物的裝載、操作、積載、綁扎、加固和

卸載，且不會對人身或財產造成損害。

二、根據第十三條第二款訂有約定的，托運人應妥善而謹慎地履行根據該約定承擔的任何

義務。

三、集裝箱或車輛由托運人裝載的，托運人應妥善而謹慎地積載、綁扎和加固集裝箱內或

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車輛內的貨物，使之不會對人身或財產造成損害。

條 第二十八條  托運人與承運人在提供信息和指示方面的合作

如果有關貨物正確操作和運輸的信息處于被請求方的占有之下，或有關貨物正確操作和運

輸的指示是在被請求方能夠合理提供的范圍之內，且請求方無法以其他合理方式獲取此種信息

和指示，承運人和托運人應就對方提出的提供此種信息和指示的請求作出響應。

條 第二十九條  托運人提供信息、指示和文件的義務

一、托運人應及時向承運人提供承運人無法以其他合理方式獲取，且是為下述目的而合理

需要的有關貨物的信息、指示和文件：

㈠ 為了正確操作和運輸貨物，包括由承運人或履約方采取預防措施；并且

㈡ 為了使承運人遵守公共當局有關預定運輸的法律、條例或其他要求，但承運人須及時將

其需要信息、指示和文件事宜通知托運人。

二、本條規定概不影響根據公共當局有關預定運輸的法律、條例或其他要求，提供有關貨

物的某些信息、指示和文件的任何特定義務。

條 第三十條  托運人對承運人賠償責任的基礎

一、對于承運人遭受的滅失或損壞，如果承運人證明，此種滅失或損壞是由于違反本公約

規定的托運人義務而造成的，托運人應負賠償責任。

二、滅失或損壞的原因或原因之一不能歸責于托運人本人的過失或第三十四條述及的任何

人的過失的，免除托運人的全部或部分賠償責任，但托運人違反第三十一條第二款和第三十二

條對其規定的義務所造成的滅失或損壞，不在此列。

三、托運人根據本條被免除部分賠償責任的，托運人僅對因其本人的過失或第三十四條述

及的任何人的過失所造成的那部分滅失或損壞負賠償責任。

條 第三十一條  擬定合同事項所需要的信息

一、托運人應及時向承運人提供擬定合同事項以及簽發運輸單證或電子運輸記錄所需要的

準確信息，包括第三十六條第一款所述及的事項；合同事項中擬載明為托運人的當事人名稱；

有收貨人的，收貨人名稱；須憑指示簽發運輸單證或電子運輸記錄的，指示人名稱。

二、承運人收到根據本條第一款提供的信息時，理當認為托運人已對信息的準確性給予保

證。托運人應就此種信息不準確所導致的滅失或損壞向承運人作出賠償。

條 第三十二條  危險貨物特別規則

當貨物因本身性質或特性而已對人身、財產或環境形成危險，或適度顯現有可能形成此種

危險時：

㈠ 托運人應在貨物交付給承運人或履約方之前，及時將貨物的危險性質或特性通知承運

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聯合國全程或部分海上國際貨物運輸合同公約 第 18 頁 共 36 頁

人。托運人未履行此項義務，且承運人或履約方無法以其他方式知道貨物危險性質或特性的，

托運人應就未發通知所導致的滅失或損壞向承運人負賠償責任；

㈡ 托運人應根據貨物預定運輸任何階段所適用的公共當局的法律、條例或其他要求，對危

險貨物加標志或標簽。托運人未履行此項義務的，托運人應就由此導致的滅失或損壞向承運人

負賠償責任。

條 第三十三條  單證托運人享有托運人的權利并承擔其義務